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non-verb comm exam1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| definition of non-verbal communication | communicate feelings and attitudes, critical to relationships, often misinterpreted, can be more powerful than verbal |
| communicating means... | creating meaning |
| decoding | interpreting a message, not just recording ex)taking notes |
| culture bound (non verbal messages) | spacial boundaries, eye contact and hand gestures |
| ambiguous (non verbal messages) | unintentionally vs. intentionally unintentionally-emotions from something else, just wearing something for no reason |
| multi-channeled (non verbal messages) | touch, taste, smell |
| rule governed (non verbal messages) | media ex)michelle obama showing arms |
| impression management | attempt to control communicate behaviors and cues dress--movement--artifacts--talk |
| image demensions | credibility(dressing professionally), likability(sociability,emotion), dominance (power and assertiveness), trustworthy |
| High self monitors | conscious of image at all times; close attention to others, aware to self, adept to playing roles, adaptable, interpersonally, inconsistent, unpredictable, “all the world is a stage” |
| Low self monitors | display true dispositions, highly consistent behaviors, predictable, more limited behavioral options, “to thine self be true” |
| Social feedback | what people say about/to us, how believable/important feedback is |
| Variables influencing the info value of social feedback | differentiated/undifferentiated; relationship(friend/stranger); valence(positive/negative); origin(solicited/unsolicited) |
| Social comparison | comparing ourselves compared to others, depending on which “others” we choose |
| Impression Formation(perceiving others) | forces that affect impression formation: self concept, cognition, personal characteristics, motives, context |
| The perception process | exposure(environment)→selection(what you decide to focus on)→interpretation(make sense/what it means)→decision(what we do with the info) |
| Selective perceptions | familiar, unexpected, unfamiliar, biological factors, context, amount of stimuli, importance, interest |
| Forces that affect impression formation | stereotype, the primacy effect(1st impression), selective perceptions, the recency effect (last impression/most current), attribution |
| Stereo types | appearance, body type/size, vocal characteristics, space and environment |
| Primacy Effect | first impressions, impact subsequent interactions-halo effect(negative/positive) |
| Selective perceptions | carefully selecting NV messages that reinforce our exisiting perceptions |
| Recency Effect | adjusting impressions based upon the most recent information |
| Attribution | examining choices, drawing conclusions; used to become a more accurate interpreter of NV actions |
| Attribution theory (Kelly) | consensus: do others do this? Consistency: does this person always do this? Distinctiveness: does this person do this everywhere s/he goes? |
| Attribution theory (jones&davis) | are there other choices? –it’s not just the choice the made but the choice they didn’t choose Are there advantages to this choice? Could the same advantages come from other choices? |
| Attribution theory (heider) | was the behavior observed? Was the behavior intentional? Was it coerced? |
| Expectancy Violation | all have sets of expectations about behavior (situational/relational) and come from upbringing, context, experience, culture, goals |
| Metaphorical approach (mehrabian) | dominance/power; immediacy/pleasure/attraction; arousal/activity |
| Environment | communicates who you are and who you aspire to be; influences behavior; part of impression management; elements of space combine to form personal frameworks that influence reactions and behavior |
| Elements of space | impression management process, expectations, organization (fixed featured space-size, shape, built in elements, streets, sidewalk, natural elements) Semifixed (objects and features that can be moved) nonfixed featured space (space around our bodies) |
| Lighting | amount and type affects both verbal and nonverbal communication. As well as perceptions of safety/danger |
| Smells/odors | influences how we act, can be manipulated, impacts how we feel(aromatherapy), some more appealing than others, individual preferences, sensitivities(scent free policies) |
| Temperature | personal preference, specific temp points for dis/comfort, setting specific, impacts perceptions |
| Sound | easier for some people to ignore than others, individual thresholds, white noise, individual preference |
| Perceptual framework (Knapp) | element of space, warmth(orientation of room, not temp), privacy (arrangement cubicles/chairs), familiarity (ex target has 3-4 layouts), constraint (how the environment make people feel more/less stuck ex sitting inside/edge), distance (personal “bubble”) |
| Reactions to environment (mehrabian) | arousal, pleasure, dominance |
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