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Antibiotics

Ch. 38 Pharm

QuestionAnswer
Antiseptic disinfectant chemical inhibits growth, living tissue, static agents non-living, cidal
beta-lactam major class of antibiotics: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria that stops beta lactam antibiotics
community-associated infection helthcare assoc. infection infection not in hospital ie, cold infection in hospital, nonsocomial
definitive therapy antibiotics based on known results of C & S testing
Empiric theory antibiotics on judgment of microbes to be the cause, presumptive treatment.
host factors factors unique to body and affect antibiotic response, genetic glucose6phophate dehydrogenase G6PD slow acetylation
prophylactic therapy protective, before exposure
psudomembranous colitis inflammatory bowel from antibiotic therapy.
Sulfonamides static, prevent folic acid, antimetabolites, lots H2O sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim Adverse effects: hemolysis, photosensitivity
beta lactamase inhibitors combos Clavulanic acid,Tazobactam,Sulbactam augmenten,zosyn,Unasyn,timentin
4 subgroups of pencillins natural pneicillins: G(IV), V(PO) penicillinase-resistant: nafcilin aminopenicillins: amoxicillin extended-spectrum penicillins
allergic to penicillin is equal to allergic to cephalosporin
what do pencillins interact with NSAIDS - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, they compete oral contraceptives, warfarin
cephalasporins cidal, cell wall interference, broad spectrum, antibuse (no alcohol)
Carbapenems broadest, inhibit cell wall synthesis, body cavity, connective tissue infections, Risk: seizure
what is the prototype carbapenem drug? Inipenem/primaxem Cilastatin - inhibits enzyme to block
Monobactams aztreonam (Azactam) for E coli, IV, systemic and UTI's
Macrolides static, inhibit protein synthesis 50S, "thromycin" Treat: strep, URI, LRI, syphilis, lyme disease, gonorrhea, mycoplasma
4 main macrolides azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin
Macrolides adverse affects jaundice, hepatotoxicity, gas
Ketolide Telithromycin (Ketek) pneumonia, bronchitis Adverse reactions:prolong QT interval
Tetracyclines static, inhibit protein synthesis, no milk/antacids cause grey teeth in children,
Adverse affects of tetracyclines discoloration of teeth in children, retard fetal skeletal dev. photosensitivity, no dairy
3 tetracyclines doxycycline, minocycline - semisynthetic Tigecycline (Tygacil) skin, soft tissue, intraabdominal, pneumonia
Created by: palmerag
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