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Pharm Ch 11-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute pain | pain that is onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than 6 wk period |
| Addiction | primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease whose development is influenced by genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors |
| Adjuvant analgesic drugs | drugs that are added as a second drug for combined therapy & may have addictive or independent analgesic properties or both |
| Agonist | substance that binds to receptor and causes response |
| Agonists-antagonists | substances that bind to receptor and cause a partial response that is not as strong as that caused by an agonist |
| Analgesic ceiling effect | occurs when a given pain drug no longer effectively controls a patient's pain despite the administration of the highest safe dosages |
| Analgesics (Painkillers) | medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness |
| Antagonist | drug that binds to receptor and blocks a response |
| Breakthrough pain | occurs between doses of pain meds |
| Cancer pain | resulting from any of a variety of causes related to cancer and/or the metastatis of of cancer |
| Central pain | resulting from disorder that causes CNS damage |
| Chronic pain | persistant or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat Last longer than 3-6 months |
| Deep pain | occurs in tissues below skin level; opposite of superficial pain |
| Gate theory | the most common and well-described theory of pain transmission and pain relief it uses a gate model to explain how impulses from damaged tissues are sensed in the brain |
| Narcotics | any medically used controlled substances and in legal settings to refer to an illicit or "street" drug |
| Neuropathic pain | results from a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve |
| Nociception | processing of pain signals in the brain that gives rise to the feeling of pain |
| Nocieptors | subclass of sensory nerves (A & C fibers) that transmit pain signals to the CNS from other body parts |
| Nonopioid analgesics | analgesics that aren't classified as opioids |
| Nonsterodial antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | large, chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity but not steroids |
| Opioid analgesics | Synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain but are not themselves derived from the opium plant |
| Opioid naive | describes patients who are recieving opioid analgesics for the first time & aren't accustomed to their effects |
| Opioid tolerance | condition that results from longterm opioid use in which larger doses of opioids are required to maintain same level of analgesia & abrupt discontinuation of the drug results in withdraw symptoms |
| Opioid withdraw | signs & symptoms associated with abstinence from or withdrawal of opioid analgesics when the body has become physically dependent on the substance |
| Pain | unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage |
| Pain threshold | Levels of a stimulus that results in the sensation of pain |
| Pain tolerance | amount of pain a patient can endure without its interfering with normal function |
| Partial agonist | drug that binds to receptor & causes activation response that is less than that caused by a full agonist (same as antagonist-antagonist) |
| Phantom pain | pain experienced in area of body part that has been surgically or traumatically removed |
| Physical dependence | a state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class |
| Psychologic dependence | pattern of compulsive use of opioids or other addictive substance characterized by continuous craving for the substance and the need to use it for effects other than pain relief |
| Referred pain | pain occurring in area away from organ of origin |
| Somatic pain | pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints |
| Special pain situations | pain control situations that are complex and whose treatment typically involves multiple medications, various health care personnel, and nonpharmacologic therapeutic modalities |
| Superficial pain | pain originating from skin or mucous membranes |
| Synergistic effects | drug interactions in which the effect of a combo of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of individual drugs given alone 1+1=greater than 2 |
| Tolerance | state of adaption which repetitive exposure to a given drug, over time, induces changes in the drug receptors that reduce one or more of the drug's effects |
| Vascular pain | pain that originates from a pathology of vascular or perivascular tissues |
| Visceral pain | pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles |
| World Health Organization | group that studies and responds to health needs and trends worldwide |
Created by:
elliecase22
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