Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Abnormal test #1:2
Test info from the textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cultural norms | A society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct |
| Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) | Father of modern medicine. He taught people that illnesses has natural causes and saw abnormal behavior as a disease arising from internal physical problems. Also believed that disease was caused by an imbalance of humors. |
| Asylums | type of institution that first became popular in 16 century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became prisoners. |
| Eugenic sterilization | the elimination of individuals' ability to reproduce |
| psychotropoic medications | drugs that primarily affect the brain and alleviate many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning. Ex. antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and antianxiety drugs. |
| trephination (trephining) | process in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull |
| humors | four fluids that flowed through body— yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm. Yellow bile- caused mania, black bile caused depression. |
| lyncanthropy | people who thought they were possessed by wolves or other animals |
| exorcism | a form of demonological treatment where clergymen would plead, chant, or pray to the devil or evil spirit in order to cast them out of the diseased body. |
| Bedlam | London's Bethlehem Hospital where Hogarth made it a chaotic asylum where the rich people would come to marvel at the inmates. |
| Moral treatment | 19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane respectful treatment. |
| Mesmerism/hypnotism | procedure created by FRIEDRICH ANTON MESMER, that places people in a trancelike mental state during which they become extremely suggestible |
| deinstitutionalization | releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals. |
| Managed care program | program in which the insurance company determines such key issues as which therapists its clients may choose, the cost of sessions, and number of sessions a client may be reimbursed. |
| How does culture affect the way in which we make judgments about "abnormal" behavior? | Judgments of abnormality depend upon specific circumstances as well as norms. What is considered acceptable behavior is what determines whether certain behavior is abnormal. |
| How was mental illness viewed in Middle Ages? | People thought that abnormal behavior was the work of "evil spirits". In order to "cure" abnormality, people would perform exorcisms or trephinations. |
| How do the Somatogenic Perspective and the Psychogenic Perspective differ? | Somatogenic says that abnormal psychological functioning has physical illness meaning that physical factors were responsible for all mental disorders. |
| How do the somatogenic perspective and psychogenic perspective differ? | Psychogenic says that the chief cause of abnormal functioning are psychological meaning illnesses were caused by fear, disappointment in love, and other psychological events. |
| Case study | a detailed and often interpreted description of a person's life and psychological problems |
| Internal validity | the accuracy with which a study can pinpoint one of various possible factors as the cause of a phenomenon |
| external validity | the degree to which the results of a study may be generalized beyond the study |
| positive correlation | when variable change the same way, their correlation is said to have a positive direction. |
| negative correlation | the value of one variable increases as the value of the other variable decreases. |
| Epidemiological studies | reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population |
| incidence | number of new cases that emerge during a given period of time |
| prevalence | total number of cases in the population during a given time period; includes existing and new cases |
| longitudinal studies | study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time. |
| confound | a variable in an experiment that is acting on the dependent variable. |
| control group | a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable |
| experimental group | the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation |
| ABAB design | Also called Reversible design: Participants reactions are measured and compared during baseline period and after introduction of the independent variable, but also after the independent variable has been removed and again after it has been reintroduced |
| Subject bias | if participants that receive the treatment know the purpose of the study and which group they are in, they might actually work harder to feel better or fulfill the experimenter's expectations |
| experimenter bias | experimenter's may have expectations after they unintentionally transmit to the participants in their studies. |
| Can a correlational study prove that one factor causes a certain behavior (causation)? | No, correlation can describe the relationship between two variables, they do not explain the relationship. |
| Why do we often use a Quasi-experimrntal design? | Because we dont have to assign participants into experimental and control groups. We make use of the groups that already exist in the world. |
| Human genome project | scientists used the tools of molecular biology to map all of the genes in the human body in great detail. |
| lobotomy | surgeon cuts the connections between the brains frontal lobes and the lower centers of the brain |
| unconditioned stimulus | a stimulus that produces an automatic response |
| unconditioned response | the automatic response produced by an unconditioned stimulus |
| conditioned response | a response previous associated with an unconditioned stimulus soon becomes produced by a conditioned stimulus |
| conditioned stimulus | a previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with a non-nuetral stimulus, and can soon produce a response similar to those produced by the non-nuetral stimulus |
| biopsychosocial theories | explanations that attribute the cause of abnormality to an interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive social, and societal influences. |
| face validity | a given assessment tool may appear to be valid because it makes sense and seems reasonable, but that doesnt mean that its trustworthy |
| predictive validity | tool's ability to predict future characteristics or behavior |
| concurrent validity | degree to which the measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment tehcniques |
| DSM-IV | classification system of disorders created by the APA. has over 400 mental disorders and describes the criteria for diagnosing the disorder and its key clinical features |
| placebo therapy | fake experiment that the participant in an experiment believes to be genuine |
| double blind design | experiment where neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant has received the experimental treatment or a placebo |
| neuron | nerve cell |
| synapse | tiny space that separates one neuron from the next, and the message must travel through that space |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical that is released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be received by the receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons |
| receptor | a site on a neuron that receives neurotransmitters |
| psychotropic medications | drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning |
| antipsychotic (antianxiety) drugs | psychotropic drugs that help reduce tension and anxiety |
| antidepressant drugs | psychotropic drugs that improve the moods of people with depression |
| mood stablizer (antibipolar drugs) | psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the moods of people suffering from a bipolar mood disorder |
| psychosurgery (neurosurgery) | brain surgery for mental disorders |
| modeling | people learn responses simply by observing other people and repeating their behaviors |
| self-actualization | humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth |
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | form of biological treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patients's forehead. Used primarily on depressed patients |
| existential therapy | therapy that encourages client to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and values |
| self efficacy | belief that one can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary |
| fixation | Freud's term being a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development. |
| regression | defensive reaction to some unaccepted impulses |
| Resistance | unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy |
| transference | the redirection toward the psychotherapist of feelings associated with important figures in a patient's life, now or in the past. |
| catharsis | reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems |
| Psychodynamic model | a person's behavior is determined by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware |
| Why are dreams so important to a psychoanalysts? | dreams can reveal unconscious instincts, needs, and wishes |
| Basic theory of cognitive model | cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions and that we can better understand abnormal functioning by looking to cognition |
| How does cognitive model explain behavior? | people act the way they do based on their way of thinking |
| Existential model | Self-acceptance, personal values, personal meaning, and personal choice are important for effective functioning. People can make their own choices and determine their own destiny. Views people as people who have yet to fulfill their potential. |
| meta-analysis | special statistical technique where the level of improvement is rated in each treated participant and in each nontreated participant and then the average differences in each group are measure |
| polygraph | a machine designed to detect and record changes in physiological characteristics, such as a person's pulse and breathing rates. Could be used as a lie detector. |
Created by:
aawebb12
Popular Psychology sets