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Child Dev Psych 238

Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
Natural Selection the evolutionary process - the individuals of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce.
On the Origins of Species Darwin notes that there is a constant struggle for food water and resources among the many young since survival is low. Those who survive are better adapted and pass on genes to next generation.
Evolutionary psychology Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior.
Chromosomes threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
DNA is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staricase, containg genetic information.
genes units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves and maufacture the protiens that maintain life.l
mitosis cellular reproduction in which the cell's nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.
meosis specialized form of cell division tht occurs to form eggs and sperm
fertilization a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.
Identical twins (monozygotic twins) develop fro a single zygote that spits 2 identical replicas.
Fraternal twins (dizygotic twins) develop from seperate eggs and seperate sperm
genotype a person's genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.
phenotype The way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.
mutated gene a permanently altered segment of DNA
dominant one gene alway exerts its effects overiding the influence of the other gene. (dominant-recessive gene principle)
when a mutated gene is carried on the x chromosome the result is called X-linked inheritance.
gene-gene interaction describe studies that focus on the interedependence of two or more genes influencing characteristics, behavior,diseases, and development.
Down syndrome an extra chormosome causing mild to severe retardation and physical abnormalities.
Klinefelter syndrome a genetic disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.
Fragile X Syndrome A genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.
Turner syndrome a chromosome disorder in females in which either an x chromosome is missing making the proson XO instead of XX or the second X is partiall deleted.
XXY syndrome a chromososla disorder in shich males have an extra Y chromosome.
phenylketornuria (PKU) A genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize an animo acid. PKU is now easily detected but if left untreated results n mental retardation and hyperactivity.
sickle-cell anemia a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells and occurs most often in people of African descent.
twin study a study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is comapred with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
behavior genetics the fiels that seeks to discover the influence of heredit and environment io individuals diferences in human traits and development.
adoption study
passive genotype-environment correlations
evocative genotype-environment correlations
active genotype-environment correlations
shared environemtal experiences
nonshared environmental experiences
epigenetic view
gene x environment interaction the interaction ofa specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.
Created by: Msmlb_93
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