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Science Vocab #2
Science vocab, chapter 12 (#2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Density | Amount of matter in a given space |
| Matter | Anything with volume and mass |
| Mass | Amount of matter something is made of |
| Isotopes | Any of 2 or more forms of a chemical element having the same # of protons in the nucleus or same # but having different # of neutrons or a different # of atomic weights |
| Weight | Measure of gravitational force exerted on an object, usually by Earth |
| Newtons | SI unit of Force |
| Gravity | Force of attraction between objects due to their masses |
| Atom | Smallest particle into which an element can be divided and can still be the same substance |
| Theory | Unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles found in all atoms; involved in the formation of chemical bonds |
| Model | A representation of an object or system |
| Nucleus | Tiny, extremley dense, positively charged region in the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons |
| Electron Clouds | Regions inside an atom where electrons are likely to be found |
| Protons | Positively charged particles of the nucleus; # of pretons in a nucleus is the atomic number that determines the identity of an element |
| Neutrons | Particles of the neucleus that has no charge |
| Atomic Mass | The weighted average of of masses of all the naturally occuring isotopes of an element |
| Atomic Mass Unit (amu) | the SI unit used to express the masses of particles in an atom |
| Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Atomic Number | Number of Protons in the neucleus in an atom |
| Periodic | Having a regular, repeating pattern |
| Periodic Law | The law that states that the chemical and the physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers |
| Period | A horizontal row of elements on a Periodic Table |
| Group | A column of elements on a Periodic Table |
| Alkali Metals | Elements in Group 1 of the P.T; Most reactive metals; atoms have one electron in their outer layer |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Elements in Group 2 of the P.T; reactive metals; atoms have 2 electrons in outer layer |
| Metalloids | Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals; referred to as SemiConductors |
| Noble Gases | Unreactive elements in Group 18 of the P.T; atoms have 8 electrons in outer layer (except for helium-it has 2) |
| Halogens | Elements in Group 17 of the P.T; very reactive nonmetals; atoms have 7 electrons in their outer layer |
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