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Psych Ch. 5
vocab 1-36 chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. | Developmental Psychology |
| The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. | Zygote |
| The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month. | Embryo |
| The developing human organism from about 9 weeks after conception to birth. | Fetus |
| Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. | Teratogens |
| Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial disproportions. | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) |
| Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. | Habituation |
| Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. | Maturation |
| All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | Cognition |
| A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. | Schema |
| Interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schema(s). | Assimilation |
| Adapting our current understandings (schema(s)) to incorporate new information. | Accommodation |
| In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. | Sensorimotor Stage |
| The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. | Object Permanence |
| In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. | Preoperational Stage |
| The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and numbers remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. | Conservation |
| In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another person's point of view. | Ego centrism |
| People's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict. | Theory of Mind |
| In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. | Concrete Operational Stage |
| In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. | Formal Operational Stage |
| A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind. | Autism |
| The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age. | Stranger Anxiety |
| An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. | Attachment |
| An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produce proper development. | Critical Period |
| The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. | Imprinting |
| According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. | Basic Trust |
| Our understanding and evaluation of who we are. | Self-Concept |
| The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. | Adolescence |
| The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. | Puberty |
| The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible. | Primary Sex Characteristics |
| Non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair. | Secondary Sex Characteristics |
| The first menstrual period. | Menarche |
| Our sense of self; according to Erik Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. | Identity |
| That "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from group membership. | Social Identity |
| In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. | Intimacy |
| For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence to full independence and responsible adulthood. | Emerging Adulthood |
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