Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
respiratory chapter1
Respiratory A & P chapter 1 flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 ways to know that the ET Tube is in the proper position | Bilateral Chest Movement, Bilateral Breathing sounds, CO2 detector, X Ray |
| 5 conditions that may slow the function of the epiglottis | Drugs and Alcohol, stroke, glossopharyngeal nerve damage, CNS damage, ET Tube, Head injury, Depression |
| List 5 conditions that may slow the function of the mucousciliary escalator | cigarette smoke, dehydration, positive-pressure ventilation, endotracheal suctioning, high inspired oxygen concentrations, hypoxia, atmospheric pollutants, general anesthetics |
| What nerve innervates the submucousal gland | Parasympathetic Nerve |
| Function of the sol and Jel layers | cilia move in the sol layer and propel mucous toward the oropharynx sol layer watery jel layer sticky |
| 5 chemical mediators of the airways | Histamine, heparine, SRS-A Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, PAF Platelet activating factor, ECF-A Eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, Leukotrienes |
| List 5 effects of the release of those chemical mediators | Increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, increase mucous secretion, vasodilation with edema, Inflamation |
| What is Lung Parenchyma? | Functional units of the lung. All gas exchange ares. |
| Failure to heat and humidify gasses inspired in the patient with an ET Tube will lead to what 3 problems | Drying of the sol, mucous ciliator to become slow, dehydration |
| List 5 anatomic landmarks for intibation | vocal cords, epiglottis, glottis, esophagus, trachea |
| 4 characteristics of a strong caugh | Deep breath, strong valsalva maneuver, strong abdominal muscle contractions, forceful exhalation |
| describe valsalva maneuver | forceful exhalation against a closed glottis |
| 2 structures in the airway that secretes mucous | submucosal gland, goblet cells |
| list the structures of the lungs in decending order | Trachea, main stem bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, aveolar ducts, aveolar sacs |
| Name the structures of the lungs that are considered Conducting zone | Trachea, mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, |
| Name the structures of the lungs that carry on gas exchange | Respiratory bronchioles, aveolar ducts, aveolar sacs |
| What gasses are exchanged in the lungs | Oxygen in, Carbon Dioxide out |
| Between what two structures are gases exchanged? | lungs and bloodstream |
| the pores of kohn connect what two structures? | Adjacent avioli |
| What are two compartments of the interstitium. | Tight space, Loose space |
| What is the function of pulmonary capillary? | gas exchange |
| what is the function of the lymphatic system | removes excess fluid and protein molecules that leak into the pulmonary capillaries |
| where is the hilum or hilar region located? | Where mainstem bronchi, vessels, and nerves enter the lung |
| what is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system? | epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| what is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | acetylcholine |
| what is atropines effect on the heart and why | increases the heart rate because it blocks the parasympathetic nervous system |
| name two tissues that make up the alveoli | Type I (squamous pneumocyte,alviolar epithelium, Type II (granular pneumocytes, atelectasis) |
| What is between the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium? | Interstitial space. |
| What is the tight space made up of? | collegin fibers |
| Which nervous system does albuterol effect? | sympathetic nervous system |
| Which nervous system does propranorol effect? | Parasympathetic |
| what does colateral ventilation allow for | Air to move up and down, and side to side. |
| what does beta I effect | Heart rate |
| What does beta II effect | Lungs |
| cross sectional area does what as air passes into the lungs? | Increases |
| Name the sites for gas exchange | Respiratory bronchioles, aveolar ducts, aveolar sacs |
| 3 primary functions of the nose | heats, humidifies, filters air |
| 3 cartilages of the larynx | epiglottis, cricoid cartilage (Signet ring), Thyroid cartilage (Adams apple) |
| What is the larynx refered as | voice box |
| what is the space between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage | cricothyroid membrane |
| the upper airway extends from where to where? | nares to the glottis |
| what nerve supplies the epiglottis | glossopharyngeal nerve |
| what is aspiration | sucking something other than air into the trachea |
| What is nasal septum | dividing walls between the nares |
| what lines the trachea and lower airways? | pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium |
| where should the tip of th eeno tracheal tube be located? | Middle 1/3rd of the trachea |
| what is below the left hemi diaphragm | Stomach |
| What is below the right hemi diaphragm | liver |
| how many C shaped cartilages make up the trachea | 16 to 20 |
| how long is the trachea in cm's? | 11 to 13 |
| what is a hole between the trachea and esphagus | tracheal esophigeal fistula |
| what is the point where the main stem bronchi meet? | corina |
| anatomically where is the corina located? | at the level of the 4th or 5th thorasic vertibrae |
| What is loose space | area that surrounds the bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, aveolar ducts, aveolar sacs, and lymphatic vessels. neuro fibers are found in this area |
| name the non cartilaginous airways | bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
| Name the cartilaginous airways | trachea, main stem bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, subsegmental bronchi |
| collectively the sites for gas exchange are named | lung parenchyma, primary lobule, functional units, terminal respiratory unit, acinus |
| what is the nasopharynx | posterior portion of nasal cavity |
| pharynx means? | throat |
| oropharynx located where | posterior portion of oral cavity |
| laryngopharynx located where | base of tongue, to entrance into the espohagus |
| upper airway includes | nose, mouth, pharynx |
| What covers epithelial lining | mucous blanket |
| What are the canals of lambert | connect terminal bronchioles and alveoli, provide for collateral ventilation |
| Where is surfactant situated | between the air and liquid of the alveoli |
| What does surfactant play a major role in | decreasing surface tension of the alveoli |
| What are type III cells | Alveolar macrophage |
| What do Type III cells play a major role in | removing bacteria |
| Alveolar-capillary clusters are surrounded, supported and shaped by what | interstitium |
| Interstitium is a weblike network of what | collagen fibers |
| Where is the tight space located | between alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium |
| pulmonary capillaries | surround the alveoli where gas exchange occurs |
| what are pulmonary capillaries composed of | capillary endothelium |
| alveolar capillary membrane = | gas exchange sites |
| Where do lymphatic vessels end | lymph nodes |
| where are lymph nodes located | just inside/outside lung parenchyma |
| lymph nodes produce | lymphocytes, monocytes |
| lymph nodes do what? | keep bacteria from gaining entrace into bloodstream |
| What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| the canals of lambert are found in the | terminal bronchioles |
| what lines the anterior one-third of the nasal cavity | stratified squamous epithelium |
| forms the nasal septum | ethmoid bone, vomer |
| prevents the aspiration of foods and liquids | epiglottis |
| eustachian tubes are found in the | nasopharynx |
| the inferior portion of the larynx is composed of | cricoid cartilage |
| has the greatest combined cross-sectional area | terminal bronchioles |
| the left main stem bronchus angles off from the carina at about | 40 to 60 degrees |
| ninety-five percent of the alveolar surface is composed of | type I cells (squamous pneumocytes) |
| released when the parasympathetic nerve fibers are stimulated | acetylcholine |
| released when the sympathetic nerve fibers are stimulated | epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lines the | trachea, nasopharynx |
| What are the accessory muscles of inspiration | scalenus muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscles, pectoralis major muscles, trapezius muscle, external intercostal muscle |
| What are the accessory muscles of expiration | rectus abdominus muscle, external abdominis obliquus muscle, internal abdominis obliquus muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, internal intercostal muscle |
| Supply the motor innervation of each hemidiaphragm | Phrenic nerve, lower thoratic nerves |
| Located in the thoracic cage between the right and left lung | mediastinum |
| The bronchial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree down to, and including | terminal bronchioles |
| What are the 3 layers of the tissue in the airway | Epithelium, Lamina propria, cartilaginous layer |
| called resistance vessels | arterioles |
| what type of tissue make up the tracheobronchial tree | pseudostratified epithelium |
| gas exchanges between the alveoli and the capillary by way of a process called | defusion |
| list the effects of the sympathetic nervous system | increase Heart rate, relax bronchial smooth muscles, decrease bronchial secretion |
| List the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system | decrease heart rate, constrict bronchial smooth muscles, increase bronchial secretion |
| What effect will a parasympatholytic like atrophine have on bronchial secretion | decrease secretion |
| vegas nerve is deeply routed in | parasympathetic nervous system |
| What nerve innervates the vocal cords | recurrant laryngeal nerve |
| Block Beta 1 = | heart rate goes down |
| block beta 2 = | bronchoconstriction |
| beta blocker drug | propranolol |
| stimulation of beta 1 | heart rate goes up tachycardia |
| stimulate beta 2 | bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation |
| stimulate alpha | vasoconstriction of blood vessels, drying of mucosa, increase BP |
| left lung is divided into upper and lower lobes by | oblique fissure |
| visceral pleura is what | Lining of the surface of the lung |
| parietal pleura is what | lines the interior portion of the thoratic cavity. |
| what is pneumothorax | air or gas is introduced into the pleural cavity the intrapleural pressure rises to atmospheric pressure and causes the pleural membranes to seperate |
| What are true ribs | first 7 ribs because they are attached directly to the sternum |
| What are false ribs | 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs because the cartilage attaches to the cartilage of the ribs above |
| What are floating ribs | ribs 11 and 12 float freely anteriorly |
| what is intercostal spaces | 22 intercostal spaces between ribs that contain blood vessels, intercostal nerves, and the external and intercostal muscle |
| what is the diaphragm | major muscle of ventilation. |
| where ist he diaphragm located | between the thoratic cavity and the abdominal cavity |
| the administration of a beta blocker like propranolol to an asthmatic will likely result in... | bronchoconstriction |
| What are the three categories for chemical release causes? | Inflamation, Smooth muscle contraction, Increase mucous production |
| what are the categories of inflamation | vascular permability, bronchialademia, vasodialation with ademia |
| What drug is used for inflamation | cortical steroids (Anti inflamatory) |
| What drug is used to dialate the airway | albuterol (Epinephrine/adrenaline) |
| In the presence of lung infection what cell will migrate to the aveoli from the bloodstream | alveolar macrophages Type III |
Created by:
murphyismyname
Popular Respiratory Therapy sets