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TP Ch 4 and 15
Principles of Infection Control and Bedside Assessment of the PT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infections that are acquired in the hospital? | Nosocomial |
| Inanimate objects that help transfer pathogens? | Fomite |
| Death of all microorganisms? | Sterilization |
| Universal method of protection for health workers? | Standard Precautions |
| Patients acquire during course of medical treatment? | HAI |
| How many people get sick due to health-care associated infections? | 2 million |
| What percantage of PTs get suck due to health-care associated infections? | 5% |
| Name three elements that are required for these infections to take place? | Resevoir, Host, Route |
| Name five vaccinations that might help decrease risk from host susceptibility? | Rubella, Measles, Varicella, Hepatitus B, Pertussis |
| Name an example of contact transmission? | Instruments, Unwashed hands |
| Name an example of droplet transmission? | Coughing, Sneezing, Talking |
| Interrupting the route of transmission involves special equipment processing. What is the first step? | Cleaning/Washing |
| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning disposables? | Incineration |
| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning glassware and metal instruments? | Dry Heat |
| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning metals and some plastics? | Boiling |
| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning metal instruments and linens? | Autoclave |
| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning food and supplies? | Ionizing Radiation |
| What method of sterilization do you use when cleaning heat sensitive items? | Ethylene Oxide |
| Which PPE would you use to touch bodily fluids or mucous membranes? | Gloves |
| Which PPE would you use during procedures? | Gown |
| Which PPE would you use for suctioning procedures? | Goggle/Mask |
| What is the best choice for high-level disinfection of semicritical respiratory care equipment? | Gluteraldehyde |
| Among respiratory care equipment, what has the greatest potential to spread infection? | Large Volume Nebulizers |
| Always use _ fluids for tracheal suctioning and to fill nebulizers and humidifiers? | Sterile |
| Ventilator circuits may be used up to how many days before they need changed? | 7 |
| Rigorous handwashing, use of gloves, isolate infected patients help disrupt what? | Route of transmission |
| By what route does tuberculosis spread? | Airborne |
| What type of water should be placed in the nebulizer? | Sterile distilled |
| The best way to prevent the spread of infection in the ICU is to? | Wash hands after every PT contact. |
| HAI's cause how many deaths annually? | 90,000 |
| What percentage of patient's undergoing mechanical ventilation develop pneumonia? | 25% |
| What or who are the primary source for infectious agents in the health care setting? | Humans |
| Host factors such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, extremes of age, and underlying acquired HIV infection or aitrogenic through chemo, or immunodeficiency enhance what to infection? | Susceptibility |
| Most nosocomial pneumonias occur in surgical PTs, especially those who have had chest or _ procedures? | Abdominal |
| Pts at high risk for pneumonia include elderly, _, COPD, history of smoking, and artificial airway for long periods of time? | Obese |
| Droplet nuclei such as TB, Varicella, Measles, and Smallpox travel in what mode? | Airborne |
| _ contact transmission is the most frequent mode of transmission in the health care environment? (Fomites) | Indirect |
| Decreasing host susceptibility to infection is the most difficult and least feasible approach to infection control. Hospital efforts to decrease host susceptibility focus mainly on employee immunization and what? | Chemoprophylaxis |
| Describes a process that destroys the vegetative form of all pathogenic organisms on an inanimate object except bacterial spores? | Disinfection |
| Most common physical method of disinfection is ? | Pasteurization |
| Alcohol activity drops when diluted below what percentage concentration? | 50% |
| _ are inactivated by protein and can damage rubber, plastics, and the shellac mounting of instruments and lenses? | Alcohol |
| The CDC recommends a 1:10 dilution of what to disinfect blood spills? | Bleach |
| Destroys all microorganisms on the surface of an article or in a fluid, which prevents transmission of pathogens associated with the use of that item? | Sterilization |
| _ methods of sterilization include low temperature sterilization technologies like ethylene oxide (EtO) gas? | Chemical |
| Moist heat in the form of steam under pressure is the most common, most efficient, and easiest sterilization method? | Autoclave |
| The combination most commonly used for autoclaving is _ psi at 121 degrees C. | 15 |
| The _ ventilator circuitry poses the most significant contamination risk, particularly in systems using heated humidifiers? | External |
| Ventilator circuits should not be changed unless _? | Visibly soil |
| Three major issues are involved in using disposable devices: cost, _, and reuse? | Quality |
| Standard precautions include handwashing, use of PPE, equipment handling, and ? | Patient placement |
| Ongoing process of monitoring PTs and health care personnel for acquisition of infection and/ or colonization of pathogens. | Surveillance |
| Surveillance is one of the five key recommended components of an infection control program; the others are investigation, prevention, _ and reporting? | Control |
| HMEs may be used up to how many hours before they need changed? | 96 |
| Bluish discoloration of the skin? | Cyanosis |
| Mucus from the tracheobronchial tree? | Phlegm |
| Discontinuous abnormal breath sounds? | Crackles |
| _ emphysema is air under the skin? | Subcutaneous |
| Look for distended veins here? | Neck |
| Mucus that comes out the mouth? | Sputum |
| Extra, or abdominal sounds? | Adventitious |
| _ pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic BP? | Pulse |
| Level of consciousness (abbr)? | Loc |
| Designed to expel mucus? | Cough |
| _ alternans occurs when you go back and fourth between the diaphragm and the accessory muscles? | Respiratory |
| You have this if your breathing is labored when you lie down? | Orthopnea |
| Auscultation reveals breath _? | Sound |
| Body temp below 32 degrees C? | Hypothermia |
| Stay at least 2-4 ft away to give the patient a personal _ during the interview? | Space |
| Sweaty stuff? | Diaphoresis |
| _ pressure, when the heart contracts? | Systolic |
| Abdominal _, occurs when the diaphragm is tired and the belly sinks with each breath? | Paradox |
| Abdominal voice sounds heard over consolidation? | Bronchophony |
| Slow RR? | Bradypnea |
| _ of monkeys (also a chest shape associated with air trapping) | Barrel |
| Treasure, pigeon, or barrel? | Chest |
| High pitched continuous upper airway sound? | Stridor |
| Patients perception of difficult breathing? | Dyspenia |
| Foul smelling? | Fetid |
| Another name for fainting? | Syncope |
| HR below 60? | Bradycardia |
| Got pus? | Purulent |
| Pattern of end-stage muscle fatigue? | Alternans |
| How else can you identify the degree of dyspnea a PT feels? | Exertion |
| What are possible causes of Dry cough? | CHF, Fibrosis |
| What are possible causes of Loose, productive cough? | Inflammation, Obstruction, Asthma, Bronchitis |
| What are possible causes of Acute, self limiting cough? | Viral infection of the upper airway |
| What are possible causes of chronic cough? | Asthma, post nasal drip, reflux, chronic bronchitis |
| Three characteristics of _ that should be documented: color, viscosity, and quantity? | Sputum |
| Nonmassive hemoptysis may result from infection, lung cancer, _ , and pulmonary embolism? | Trauma |
| Massive hemoptysis may result from bronchiectasis, lung abscess, old or acute _? | TB |
| What is the most famous kind of nonpleuritic chest pain? | Angina |
| Along with fever, what are two signs that are highly suggestive of respiratory infection? | Cough and Sputum |
Created by:
Demure_Dulcet
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