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the final words of one who is dying
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the death of a whole organism; the breakdown of all intra body coordination.
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EMBALMING
COMP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the final words of one who is dying | Articulo Mortis |
| the death of a whole organism; the breakdown of all intra body coordination. | Somatic Death Two Types: 1) Clinical Death 2) Biological Death |
| a phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes in which life may be restored | Clinical Death |
| irreversible somatic death | Biological Death |
| the death of the individual cells of the body - Follows the stages of somatic death | Cellular Death |
| Stages of Cellular Death: | 1) Hypoxia 2) Molecular 3) Necrobiosis 4) Necrosis |
| reduction of oxygen to the body | Hypoxia |
| molecular decomposition begins ______ | after hypoxia |
| antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body foloowed by their replacement | Necrobiosis |
| pathological death of a tissue still apart of the living organism | Necrosis |
| The tripod of Life includes: | Brain, Lungs, Heart |
| death beginning with the lungs. Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from any of the numerous causes | Asphyxia |
| death beginning at the brain | Coma |
| death beginning at the heart | Syncope |
| changes occur in the location or physical form or state of the body chemical while not actually changing the chemical composition | PM Physical Change |
| PM Physical Changes: | 1) Algor Mortis 2) Liver Mortis 3) Hypostasis |
| PM cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature | Algor Mortis |
| postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood | Liver Mortis/Cadaveric Lividity |
| settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body (gravity taking effect) | Hypostasis (Agonal, Antemortem & Postmortem) |
| changes occuring in the identity of a body chemical and it becomes another chemical. Examples: body proteins decomposing into simpler portein chains | PM Chemical Change |
| separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes | Decomposition |
| bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter | Saprophytic Bacteria |
| decomposition of sugars | Saccharolysis |
| decomposition of fats | Lipolysis |
| self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance | Autolysis |
| The order of decomposition: | 1) Organs 2) Tissues 3) Body Compounds |
| Order of Organ Decompositon: | 1) Begins: Larynx and Trachea 2) Ends: blood vessels and non-pregnant uterus |
| Order of tissue decomposition: | 1) Liquid Tissues - blood and lymph nodes 2) Soft Tissues - the parenchyma of organs 3) Firm Tissues - muscles and the stroma of the organs 4) Hard Tissues: cartilage and bone |
| Order of body compounds decomposition: | 1) Carbohydrates 2) Proteins 3) Fats 4) Firm proteins 5) Bones and teeth enamel |
| a compound of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol. | Carbohydrates |
| Examples of carbohydrates: | Sugars Starches Glycogen |
| organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids | Proteins |
| a common name for a triglyceride ester that is a semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of fats | Fats |
| tendons and ligaments | Firm proteins |
| Signs of decomposition | 1) Color 2) Odor 3) Purge 4)Desquamation (skin slip) 5) Gas Collection |
| Color (decomposition) | green skin on skin; esp in lower right quadrant. Starts small and then spreads to the rib cage |
| postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure | Purge |
| sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a seperation of the eperdermis from the underlying dermis | Desquamation (skin slip) |
| occurs in the cavities and tissues, first found in the hollow organs, like in abdominal distention | Gas collection |
| Ensures that all funeral home employess are protected from harmful chemicals | OSHA - Employee Benefit |
| - Provides information on all hazardous materials for all employees at all times - Failure to do so could result in a penalty up to $10,000 | Hazard Chemical Standard |
| Employer Requirements of OSHA | MSDS |
| - must create and maintain for any solution with 1% or more of any hazardous chemical and any solution with .01% or more ofa carcinogen present. - Must be readily available for anyone who comes into contact with these chemicals | MSDS |
| Required information on MSDS: | 1) Name of manufacturer 2) Hazardous chemicals within it 3) Problems arising from exposure 4) Type of protection required for safe handling 5) Proper clean up procedure 6) Proper disposal procedure |
| Says that: - Each container: must be properly labeled with chemical name and all safety information - Employer: must check each product as it comes in for storage to make sure it is properly labeled. If not, return - Tranferred fluids: properly labeled | Hazardous material compliance program |
| testing the prep room for HCHO fumes | Formaldehyde (HCHO) Monitoring |
| an evaluation of exposures over an established period. Allows exposure levels to be averaged generally over an 8 hr time period | Time & Weight Average (TWA) |
| the maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that is time-weighted over an 8 hour period of time - When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce exposure | Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) |
| The PEL for HCHO is: | 0.75 ppm |
| legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continously for a short period of time without damage or injury - Expsure at this level should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than four times per work day | Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) |
| STEL for HCHO is: | 2 ppm, 4 times per day, in an 8 hour working day |
| these levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees below the OSHA, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure (PEL) | Action Level (AL Exposure Limits) |
| Action level for HCHO is | 0.5 ppm |
| Casper's Law - lots of variable in this law to change results like temperature, humidity, or how alkaline or acidic the soil/water is | regarding the speed of decompositon |
| Air vs. Water vs. Soil is: | 1:2:8 |
| law of grave pressure | Taphonomy |
| decomposition of proteins | Proteolysis Two types: 1) Putrefaction 2) Decay |
| decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic | Putrefaction |
| decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria | Decay |
| decomposition of fats | Lipolysis |
| the reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the slat of a fatty acid (soap); - process of soap formation - the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax | Saponifcation |
| a wax-like material produced by saponifcation of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil | Adipocere (Grave Wax) |
| self-desruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance | Autolysis |
| Purpose of Embalming: | 1) Disinfection 2) Temporary Preservation 3) Restoration |
| the destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body | Disinfection (Primary Purpose) |
| the science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition | Temporary Preservation (Secondary Purpose) |
| treatments of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and color | Restoration (Third Purpose) |
| Stages of Disinfection: | 1) Primary disinfection 2) Concurrent disinfection 3) Terminal disinfection |
| disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process | Primary Disinfection |
| disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process | Concurrent Disinfection |
| institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains | Terminal Disinfection |
| postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes | Rigor Mortis |
| Three stages of Rigor Mortis: | 1) Primary Flaccidity - all muscles relax immediately after death 2) Onset of Rigor - shortening, thickening, and stiffening of all body muscles for a variable time of duration 3) Secondary Flaccidity |
| a currant jelly-like clot that clots rapidly containing all the elements of the blood - retains plasma and doesn't usualy stick in arteries or veins | Cruor Clot |
| clot occuring when white cells seperate and clump together and sometimes form on top of teh cruor clots | Chicken Fat Clot |
| worst clot for embalming - will stick in arteries and veins - formed from the fiber of the blood especially likes clotting in the right atrium | White Fiber Clot |
| Anatomical guide: medial border of the sternocleido mastoid muscle (SCM) lateral to the trachea Linear Guide: imaginary line from sterno-clavicular articulation to lobe of ear | Common Carotid |
| Anatomical Limit: begins at a point behind sterno-clavicular articulation and ends at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) | Right Common Carotid |
| Anatomical Limit: begins at the level of the second costal cartilage at highest point of aortic arch, extends to superior border of thyroid cartilage | Left Common Carotid (longer than right) |
| Incision sites: 1) Supra clavicular (standard) - above the clavicle - along the superior margin of the medial 1/3 of clavicle. Starts approx 1/2" lateral to articulation, incision be 2" 2) Parallel: posterior border of SCM, along post 1/3 of SCM | Common Carotid |
| - rarely used because of its ease to blow the face and incision is visible | Facial Artery |
| Incision Site: along the posterior 1/3 of the inferior margin of the mandible, just anterior to the angle of the jaw | Facial Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: artery lies just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis Anatomical Limit: begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib and extends to the inferior border of the teres major | Axillary Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn through the center of the base of the axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity when abducted Site of Incision: along the anterior margin of hairline | Axillary Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: lies posterior to the medial border of the belly of biceps-brachii muscle - located under the biceps Anatomical Limit: begins at the inferior border of tendon of teres major - extends to a point just inferior to the antecubital fossa | Brachial Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn from the center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the forearm - just below the antecubital fossa Site of incision: along linear guide in middle 1/3 of arm - 1 -2" below inferior border of axillary space | Brachial Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: just lateral to tendon of flexor carpi-radialis muscle Anatomical Limit: begins just inferior to antecubital fossa to palm of hand | Radial Artery |
| Linear Guide: drawn on anterior surface of forearm from center of antecubital fossa to center of base of index finger Incision site: just lateral to tendor of the flexor carpi-radialis muscle - just superior to the wrist | Radial Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi-ulnaris muscle and between digitorum superficialis Anatomical Limits: just inferior to the antecubital fossa to the palm of the hand | Ulnar Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn on the anterior surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the 4th and 5th finger Incision Site: along the linear guide, just proximal to the wrist | Ulnar Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: clavicle - just inferior and posterior to clavicle Site of incision: along the inferior border of the lateral 1/3 of clavicle | Subclavian Artery |
| Anatomical limit: begins at a point behind sterno-clavicular articulation and extends to the lateral border of the 1st rib | Right Subclavian |
| Anatomical limit: begins at the level fo the 2nd costal cartilage and extends to lateral border of 1st rib | Left Subclavian (longer than R) |
| Anatomical Guide: superior medial border of the psoas major muscle - close to lower part of spine - used only in autopsied cases when organs are gone | Common Illiac |
| Anatomical Guide: inferior medial border of psoas major muscle Anatomical Limit: begins opposite sacroiliac snychondrosis (middle of pubic bone) and ends beneath the center of the inguinal ligament | External Illiac |
| Linear Guide: line drawn from Superior Anterior Iliac Spine to pubic symphasis - path of inguinal ligament | External Illiac |
| Anatomical Guide: center of femoral (Scarpa's) triangle bounded laterally by the Sartorius and medially by adductor longus muscle | Femoral Artery |
| Anatomical Limit: begins at a point in the center of the inguinal (Poupart's) ligament and ends at opening of the adductor magnus muscle; the opening is called the adductor hiatus | Femoral Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn on the anterior surface of the thigh from the center of the inguinal ligament ot the center point on the medial condyle of the femur Site of Incision: along the linear guide, 1/3 the distance of medial side of thigh | Femoral Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: back of knee, no muscle covering Anatomical Limit: beings at the openin of the adductor magnus and ends at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle - short - back of knee | Popliteal Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn through center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the leg Site of Incision: longitudinal incision of the postero-medial aspect of the thigh, just superior to the Popliteal space | Popliteal Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: anterior and lateral edge of tibia Anatomical Limit: begins at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle and ends in from of the ankle joint | Anterior Tibial Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn from the lateral border of the patella to the tibia, superior to the ankle joint Site of Incision: along the lateral margin of the lower 1/3 of the crest of the tibia, superior to the ankle joint | Anterior Tibial Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: groove or space behind and below inner malleolus (medial to the ankle joint) Anatomical Limit: begins at inferior border of popliteus muscle and ends beneath orgin of abductor hallucis of lower leg | Posterior Tibial Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn from center of popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus tendon Site of Incison: along the linear guide betwen medial malleolus-calcaneus tendon (Achille's tendon) | Posterior Tibial Artery |
| Anatomical Guide: groove or space between tendons of the extensor hallucis muscle and extensor digitorum muscle | Dorsalis Pedis Artery |
| Linear Guide: line drawn from the center of the anterior surface of the ankle join to a point midway between the big toe and adjacent toe Incision Site: in the webbing between the two toe bones in the feet | Dorsalis Pedis Artery |
| concentration of aterial fluid diluted appropriately with water or other solvent to form arterial solution | Primary Dilution |
| dilution of already diluted arterial solution by fluids of the body, not under the embalmers control | Secondary Dilution |
| Embalming formula: | C x V = C' x V' |
| Strenth of index of concentrated fluid | C |
| volume in ounces of concentrated fluid (in the bottle) | V |
| strength desired when diluted in soluted = % | C' |
| total volume of fluid (number of ounces) when mixed together | V' |
| a standard amount of formaldehyde gas measured in grams and dissolved in 100ml of water | Index |
| movement of embalming solution from point of injection throughout arterial, capillary and venous portions of blood vascular system giving rise to fluid diffusion | Fluid Distribution |
| passage of some of the elements of injected embalming solution fom an intravascular to an extra-vascular portion - passage through the capillary wall and then into the cell walls | Fluid Diffusion |
| Four Types of Diffusion: | 1) Pressure Filtration 2) Osmosis 3) Dialysis 4) Gravity Filtration |
| arterial solution passage through the capillary walls due to positive intra-vascular pressure; pushing fluid through the capillary walls | Pressure Filtration |
| internal tissue building with the water component - passage of a solvent through a semi-permiable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution - solvent passes from lower density concentration to higher | Osmosis |
| lower density than body tissues, used for dehydrating tissue | Hypotonic solution |
| more density than body tissues, used for rehydrating tissues | Hypertonic soultion |
| seperation of differing substances in solution due to differing diffusability through semi-permeable membranes | Dialysis |
| similar to pressure filtration, gravity pulls on liquid and forces it through the capillaries | Gravity Filtration |
| the amount or volume of embalming sultion injected over time - expressed in ounces per minute - speed at which fluid is entering the body | Rate of flow |
| Reasons for blood removal: | 1) Slows decomposition 2) Make room for embalming fluids 3) Disinfection 4) cut down on secondary dilution |
| Blood Drainage/Injection Techniques: | 1) Restricted 2) Concurrent 3) Assisted |
| Trocar Guides for Aspiration (four sections) | - umbilicus is at the center of the four quadrants 1) Left upper/lower quadrant 2) Right upper/lower quadrant |
| Trocar Guides for Aspiration (9 Region Planes) | 1) Superior: R/L Hypochondriac, center epigastric 2) Medial: R/L Lateral/Lumber, center umbilical 3) Inferior: R/L Inguinal/iliac, center hypogastric/pubic |
| 1) Capillaries to the Venioles and veins 2) Hypostasis 3) Seperation 4) Edema 5) Clotting 6) Blood composition | Post Mortem Blood Movement |
| - capillaries constrict and blood moves | Capillaries to the Venioles and Veins |
| Loss of color is result of: | Pallor |
| - weight of blood pooling to form livor mortis | Hypostasis |
| - plasma filtration - solid parts of blood settle from fluid parts | Seperation |
| - plasma goes into surrounding tissues, inter-cellular spaces - post morten stain as a purple/reddish discoloration of the skin | Edema |
| Clotting | - of the remaining cellular material: Chicken Fat Clot - local congestion as increase of the volume o blood in one area of the body; cruor and white fibrous clots |
| Blood Composition | - only 5% of blood is in the body - 85% in capillaries - 10% in veins *45% are solids *55% is water |
| 1) slow down - PM decomp 2) make room -for fluid to diffuse into system 3) disifection - rid bloodborne pathogens 4) cut down - secondary dilution 5) discoloration - flush out w/ good distribution 6) pH neutral 7) remove fluid 7) interstitial, emph | Reasons for blood drainage |
| Prime reason for blood drainage | Make room for embalming fluid to diffuse into vascular system |
| Source of Drainage | Veins |
| drains above the heart | Internal Jugular |
| drains below the heart | Femoral vein |
| Heart Tap: - Location: - Dangerious - may hit the aorta - Trocar: gets clogged | Right atrium |
| It is recommended to delay drainage because you won't see drainage immediately because: | - must go through arteries and capillaries first |
| Technique for proper drainage | 1) Chemical addition 2) Mechanical Methods |
| Technique for proper drainage in which: Use an anti-coagulant to break down clots for proper fluid movement - at least 2-6 oz for each gallon of arterial | Chemical Addition |
| 1) alternate drainage 2) intermittent 3) concurrent/continous 4) assisted | Mechanical methods of techniquest for proper drainage |
| - Most efficient - Inject/drain/inject/drain/inject/drain seperately - build back pressure | Alternate Drainage |
| - close vein, begin injecting - after 3-4 mins continue to inject and open vein - build back pressure - continuous injection | Intermittent Drainage |
| Alternate & Intermittent drainage are both classified as: | Restricted drainage |
| - Least effective, but most popular - constant injection/constant drainage - no back pressure | Concurrent/Continous drainage |
| - use of anticoagulants and also massaging - pressure; pressure on sternum - preinjecting; flush venous system with capillary wash - use of hot and cold compresses; mechanical vibrator; blocks; vibrating table | Assisted drainage |
| direct treatment other than by arterial injection of the contents of the body cavity and lumina of the hollow viscera - normally throuh aspiration and gravity injection | Cavity Treatment |
| 1) Tissue in viscera is different than muscle - fascia and skin - need stronger fluid for cavity 2) clotting in the viscera and arterial area of viscera 3) need direct contact - arterial fluid doesn't reach | Purpose of Cavity Treatment |
| condition in which gaseous products of putrefaction and fermentation appear in the skeletal tissues of the body - In the lving body it is gas gangrene - In the dead body: 1) appear in dependent tissues of body 2) congestion of blood 3) can "wander" | Tissue Gas |
| "rice-krispies" feel of skin, AKA - tissue gas in skin layer - solid cell distended with gas in between - sound of gas displacement; spongy feel with distenition | Crepitation |
| process of loss of posture post mortem | Excessive dehydration |
| extreme loss of moisture in body | Desiccation |
| 1) hemorrhage 2) febrile disease 3) high or chronic fever 4) chronic or exhausting disease that interfere with hydration 5) any disease with peristent vomiting or prolonged diarrhea 6) burns | Predisposing conditions to dehydration (ante mortem) |
| Post-mortem dehydration is caused by: | refrigeration |
| Embalming procedure for dehydrated body: | 1) slow injection - slow ROF of large volume of mild fluid 2) restrict - drainage 3)Pulsator - accepts more fluid 4) Chemically - pre-injection; anti-coagulant as co-injection 5) massage cream - as coating |
| too much body fluid - big problem today - abnormal accumulation of plasma like fluid in the cells inter-cellular tissue spaces and in teh cavities of the body | Edema |
| 1) Elevate the extremities 2) massage limps 3) use of elastic bandages for constant pressure 4) electric spatula - on face, takes a long time 5) hypo to puncture face and squeeze water out 6) abdominal drain 7) direct pressure | Embalming technique for Edema cases |
| Elastic bandages should never be used on the: | Face or hands |
| post-mortem evacuation of any substance from any external opening of a dead body - can occur before or after embalming - pressure caused by hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane gas - increase in bacteria and certain causes of death | Purge |
| - common in disease of the gastro-intestinal tract such as stomach cancer, colitis, peritonitis, ulcerations, intestinal obstructions | Stomach purge |
| Caused by diseases of tuberculos, pneumonia, lung cancer | Lung purge |
| caused by encephalitis, menigitis - often seen from natural orifices: nose, mouth, ears, anus | Brain purge |
| Types of purge | 1) Stomach - liquid/semi-liquid, coffee grounds, odor 2) Lung - white color, frothy texture, odorless 3) Brain - white color, creamy and sticky, odorless 4) Fluid - body's rejection of fluid, same color as injected fluid |
| Purge occurs due to: | - internal pressure (gas) - edema (liquid) accumulation - caused by a rupture in the system |
| Treatment of purge should begin: | as soon as it occurs - allow purge to continue - protect skin from acidic burns, treat purge after arterial injection - must begin at the suspected source - eliminate the decomp |
| Methods of treating purge: | - Cavity treatment, cranial aspiration, penetrating the cribriform flate of the ethmoid bone work! - Ligating/sever trachea - DOES NOTHING! |
| build up of calcium on the inside of arteries | Arteriosclerosis |
| blockage in the arteries reducing oxygen | Stenosis |
| fatty degeneration and infiltration of fatty compounds into the arteries - softens the arteries | Atheroma |
| - large and twisted vens that cause the veins to bulge - give veins a bluish color, most notible in the legs | Verices / Vericose Veins |
| a rupture in an artery | Hemorrhage |
| the condition in which we form thrombi or clots | Thrombosis/Clotting |
| a freely moveable wandering clot that could get wedged in an artery | Embolus |
| a bulge in an artery that if it busts could be fatal | Aneurism |
| any fetus that dies prior to delivery | stillborn |
| A fetal DC is needed when: | - at least 20 weekds gestation - if one of multiple children is born dead |
| less than 5.5 lbs at birth, or prior to 37th week of gestation | Preterm |
| live birth to 18 months | Infant |
| 18 to 48 months | Toddler |
| 4 yrs and older to puberty | Child |
| Arterial tubes in embalming an infant: | - no more than 1/16 and 1/8 in diameter |
| Infants have more primary or secondary dilution? | Secondary |
| Should you use a pe-injection fluid when embalming an infant? | NO |
| What kind of embalming fluids should be used in the embalming of an infant? | Same as an adult, do not over dilute - Humectant - to buffer with a lower amt of water |
| How should the body of an infant be placed on the embalming table? | Head block of rolled up towel with body at foot end of table |
| What method of mouth closure is used with infants? | Musculature Suture, mouth left open slightly with massage cream on lips |
| What vessels are used in the embalming of an unautopsied infant? | - Common carotid, horizontal 1/2" incision in wrinkle of neck - suture with dental floss sized ligature |
| yellow discoloration due to a backup of the color Bilirubin in the tissues | Jaundice AKA - Incterus |
| Jaundice causes an obstruction of: | liver, bile duct, gall bladder |
| 1) Hepatitis - A, B, C 2) Cirrhosis 3) Fatty degeneration of liver 4) liver cancer 5) local abscess of liver 6) Malaria 7) Angio cholestis 8) Cholelithiasis | Obstructive Diseases associated with Jaundice |
| degeneration of the liver | Cirrhosis |
| formation of gall stones | Cholelithiasis |
| 1) Septicima 2) Febrile 3) Ruptured tubal pregnancy 4) Hemorrhages 5) lobar pneumonia 6) infusion of wrong blood type 7) arsenic poisoining 8) envenomation | Hemolytic (blood borne) Diseases associated with Jaundice |
| bacteria that multiplies in the blood | Septicemia |
| pregnancy which ruptured in the fallopian tubes | Ruptured tubal pregnancy |
| snake bite | Envenomation |
| Eye whites of Jaundice case | - usually red or yellow in color |
| Bilirubin with oxygen yields | Biliverdin |
| - low formaldehyde content, or glutaraldehyde with reducing agents or bleaching agents or counter staining agents - low index (cosmetic type) | Special purpose fluid for Jaundice |
| - use of both carotids - inject head with milder fluid and body with stronger fluid - restricted cervical incsion | Procedure for embalming a Jaundice case |
| Drainage techniques for Jaundice | - can use open or continuous because there is generally not good drainage and you want to get rid of as much blood as quickly as possible - use of capillary wash, except in edema or septicemia cases |
| Lots of soap and water is used with a Jaundice case in order to: | wash off the Bilirubin that comes out of the pores |
| Fluorescent light in regards to a Jaundice case will: | help take off yellow color overnight |
| During the wake of a Jaundice case, the best colored lights to use would be: | rose colored lights |
| Types of radiation: | 1) Alpha 2) Beta 3) Gamma |
| does not penetrate internal organs | Alpha |
| high speed electrons, bounces off most things, does not penetrate | Beta |
| will pass through the body and cause changes, can be deadly | Gamma |
| Sources of Radiation: | 1) Medical - implants 2) Exposure |
| Cobalt 60 Iodine 131 Gold 198 Strontium 89 | betta and gamma |
| Phosphorus32 | beta |
| Radium 226 | Alpha, Beta, Gamma |
| the amount of radioactive material or isoptope in which 37 million atoms disintegrate in one second | Millicurie mc |
| determines how much radiation in the body at the institution | Radiation Control Officer |
| Danger to the embalmer is above ______ for both posted and non posted cases | 30 mc |
| Autopsied body radiation dangers | Danger: 5-30 under 5 to be without danger |
| Non-autopsied body radiation dangers | 30 mc or under is OK |
| Added protection when dealing with a radiation case: | 1) 2 pairs of gloves 2) heavy apron 3) universal precautions |
| every ____ feet of distance, the danger is less in regards to a radiation case | 3 |
| calcium, iron, magnesium which cause blood coagulation all lead to | Hard Water |
| In waterless embalming, use: | 1) co-injection fluids 2) water conditioners |
| - Body weighing 160lbs, recent, no complications | Ideal case for waterless embalming |
| The procedure for performing waterless embalming on an ideal case is: | - 2 bottles of 18% fluid - 8 bottles wter conditioner - 8 bottles of anticoagulant = 1.5% More firm - use more arterial |
| The procedure for performing waterless embalmin on a more difficult case: | - 4 bottles of 18%, plus 8 plus 8 = 3.5% |
| The procedure for performing waterless embalming on the most difficult case: - dead several days and refrigerated | 27% index 6 bottles - 6 conditioner; 6 anticoagulant = 9% C' |
| The procedure for performing waterless embalming on an emaciated difficult case: | 666 combination w/ 2 bottles of humectant, at end adding more humectant |
| destroys both good and bad cancer cells | Cytotoxic |
| makes vessels and bone fragile | Antimetabolite |
| Cancer Chemotherapy will: | 1) is Cytotoxic 2) is Antimetobolite 3) leads to jaundice and dehydration |
| Required OSHA PPE | *PPE provided by employer at no cost 1) Face mask 2) Eye and face protection 3) Gown 4) Gloves 5) shoe and head coves |
| Employer must explain to the employee: | the blood borne pathogens, HIV HBC HEP C, Syphilis and CJD |
| poisonous substance absorbed from the outside - snake bite, handling a partially decomposed body | Sapremia |
| - poisonous blood - bacteria or virus invading the body - chemical poison from inside the body ex. tetanus, diptheria, botulism - can live anywhere in the body | Toxemia |
| bacteria living in blood, not multiplying | Bacteremia |
| bacteria multiplying in blood | Septiciemia |
| pus forming blood, very fatal | Pyemia |
| - Use of bichloride of mercury 1/1000 disinfectant - early, slow embalming - use of both carotids - 2-3% to head, 5% rest - no pre-injection - rid lividity - tissue gas possibility - anitcoagulant and alcohol germicide - glutaraldehyde disinfectan | Procedure for embalming a Septicemia case |
Created by:
Zach Crawford