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Conditions of the <3
identify
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 3 conditions of the heart | ~Angina ~arryhthmia ~arteriosclerosis ~atherosclerosis ~CHF ~CAD ~hyperlipidemia ~HTN ~MI ~thrombosis |
| What is CAD | CAD is a build-up of fatty deposits. A thrombus forms and blocks the artery. Resulting in a MI |
| What are the signs and symptoms of CAD | ~angina ~n/v ~sweating ~feeling of panic; these signs and symptoms dont always present |
| What is arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries, loss of elasticity of areterial walls, elastic tissue in teh arteries are replaced with calcification |
| What is atherosclerosis | narrowing of the areteries cause by a build up of cholesterol plaques. plaque builds up and the aretery becomes partially or completely blocked. eliminates the flow of blood through the artery. |
| What is the treatment for arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis | vasodilators, exercise, diet low in sat fat, cholesteral, calories, surgery |
| What is hypercholesterolemia | increase of cholestrerol in the blood |
| What is hyperlipidemia | increased lipids in the bloodstream |
| What are the 3 types of cholesterol | -low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-bad cholesterol -high density lipoproteins (HDL)-good transporters of fat from tissue -very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) -precursor to LDL |
| What is HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors also know as | Statins |
| What do statins do | Inhibit the enzyme responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis; conversion of fats to cholesterol |
| What is the most popular statin | Lipitor (atorvastatin; a-tor-va-statin) |
| What suffix do all statins end with | -statin |
| What are fibric acid derivatives also know as | fibrates |
| What do fibrates do | slow the production of triglycerides; gets rid of triglycerides. good for lowering triglyceride. |
| Name two fibrates | tricor (fenofibrate), gemfibrozil (lopid) |
| What does a bile acid sequestrant do | forms a nonabsorbable complex with bile acids in the intestine. take other meds 1 hour before or 5-6 hours after taking a bile acid sequestrant |
| What is an arrhythmia | any abnormal changes in the hearts rhythm |
| How many BPM is considered a tachycardia rhythm | 150-250 |
| How many BPM is considered a bradycardia rhythm | <60 |
| What causes arrhythmia | ischemia, infarction, alteration of body chemicals |
| What are the symptoms of arrhythmia | palpitations, syncope, light headedness, visual disterbances, cyanosis, weakness,, sweating, cp, hypotension |
| What do membrane styablizing agents do | slows the movement of Na ions into myocardial cells |
| Name to popular antiarrhythmic meds | Cordarone/Pacerone (amiodarone), Lanoxin/Digitec (digoxin) |
| What is CHF | congestive heart failure; it is a progressive heart disease with no cure. the heart cannot pump vigorously, delivers less blood throughout the body. |
| Which heart med has its own type of toxicity | digoxin |
| What is angina pectoris | cp due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand; decreased blood flow to the heart results in cp |
| What are the symptoms of angina | severe chesp discomfort, sweating, dizziness, dyspnea |
| What is the treatment for angina attacks | vasodilators, nitrates (drug of choice), reduce workload of heart, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, lifestyle changes |
| What is the abbreviation for nitroglycerin | NTG |
| What are you to never do when filling a prescription for NTG | do not open the container or touch the medication without skin protection |
| What is the abbreviation for hypertension | HTN |
| What is the definition of hypertension | a disease in which the systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 or the diastolic pressure is greater than 90 |
| What is a beta blocker and how does it work | beta's block various enzymes like epinephrine that can cause HTN; works in two sites beta-1 (heart) and beta-2 (lungs); beta blockers block the response of beta stimulation |
| What are the 3 alpha blockers primarily used | cardura, hytrin, flomax |
| What are the 3 most common beta blockers | atenolol (tenormin), metoprolol (lopressor) metoprolol succinate (toprol XL) |
| What is a calcium channel blocker | decrease calcium intake by heart and blood vessels. results in relaxed smooth muscle and slower heart rate |
| What is the abbreviation for myocardial infarction | MI |
| What is a MI | heart muscle is deprived of oxygen and muscle cells die |
| What is the function of an anticoagulant | prevents blood clots from formin by inhibiting clotting factors |
| What is the function of an antiplatelet | reduces risk of a blood clot forming by inhibiting platelet aggregation |
| What is the function of thrombolytics | dissolve clots that have already formed |
| What shouldnt you take while on anticoagulants | NSAID's and Asprin |
| What is the most common antiplatelet drug | Plavix (clopidogrel chlo-pid-o-gril) |
| What is the most used thrombolytic agent | Activase (alteplase) |
| What is desmopressin also known as | DDAVP |
| What is the most common factor missing in the clotting cascade | factor IX |
| What drug treats lack of factor IX | benefix |
| What percent of heart attacks happen in patients over the age of 65 | 55% |
| What is the purpose of a vasodilator | opens (dilates) the blood vessels; relaxes vascular smooth muscle |
| What organ processes food and turns it into cholesterol (lipoproteins) | the liver |
| What are the three types of lipoproteins | trigylcerides, cholesterol, carrier proteins |
| What are lipids | fat |
| What is made up of 6% triglycerides and 65% cholesterol | LDL's |
| What is made up of 5% triglycerides, 25% cholesterol, and 55% protein; takes cholesterol from the cells | HDL's |
| What makes blood sticky | trigylcerides |
| How do statins work | decrease the bad cholesterol and can lower triglycerides |
| What is nicotinic acid also know as | vitamin b3 |
| What are the three types of angina | stable, unstable, and variant |
| An irregular heatbeat is know as | dysrhythmia |
| How do ACE inhibitors work | inhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme |
| What suffix do ACE inhibitors end in | -pril |
| How do ARB's work | inhibit effects of angiotensinII receptors in vascular muscles |
| What suffix do ARB's end in | -sartan |
| Alpha rectors | are responsible for smooth muscle contraction and vasocostriction |
| beta 1 receptors | increase heart rate, pulse, BP, force and rate of contraction, vasoconstriction, increase oxygen consumption |
| beta 2 receptors | responsible for bronchodilation and increase breathing rate |
| How do alpha blockers work | lowers bp and relaxes smooth muscle |
| What are the symptoms of a heart attack | severe crushing chest pain, oppressive or burning tightness or squeezing in the chest, feeling of choking, sense of impending doom, pain radiates to the neck, throat, jaw, shoulders, and either/both arms, pain can last 30mins-hours, n/v, SOB and sweating |
| How do you treat an MI | beta blockers, bypass surgery |
| How do you reduce the risk of MI | eliminate smoking, control diabetes, reduce HTN, exercise, decrease alcohol consumption, use asprin therapy |
| What is an Embolus | a moving blood clot |
| What is a thrombus | a stationary clot |
| What is a stroke | it is a result of an event that interrupts the oxygen supply to the brain |
| What causes a stroke | cerebral infarction/ischemic (blockage) or cerebral hemmorage/aneurysm (bleeding) |
| What percent of strokes are from blockage | 80% |
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sarahiebert
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