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Safe Medication (20)
Potter and Perry Clinical Nursing Skills and Technique
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | useful to chemist. describes medication composition |
| Generic name | not capitalized selected by drug developer required by law to be on the label of all drug |
| official name | given by FDA The letters USP after name indicates it is the official name. |
| Trade name | AKA Propriety or brand name given by owner/manufacturer Sometimes easier to spell, pronounce and remember usually capitalized may have trademark or registered symbol |
| medication classifications | medications with similar characteristics are categorized by class which indicates: effect of a medication on a body system the symptoms the medication relieves the medication's desired effect physiological or chemical action |
| medication forms or preparations | The form determines the route. The route decided by prescriber. |
| caplet ORAL | shaped like a capsule and coated for easy of swallowing. |
| Tablet ORAL | Medication encased in a gelatin shell. |
| Enteric Coated ORAL | Tablet that is coatedso that it does not dissolve in stomach. Meant for intestinal absorption |
| Elixir LIQUID | Clear fluid containing water and alcohol. Usually has sweetener added |
| Extract LIQUID | Concentrated medication form made by removing the active portion of medication from it's other components. |
| Aqueous Solution LIQUID | Substance dissolved in water and syrups |
| Suspension LIQUID | Finely dissolved drug particles in a liquid medium. Must be shaken. When left standing, particles settle to bottom of container. Not used intravenously. |
| Syrup LIQUID | Medication dissolved in a concentrated sugar solution. |
| Tincture LIQUID | Alcohol extract from plant or vegetable. |
| Troche (Lozenge) ORAL | Flat, round dosage form containing medication that dissolves in mouth. Not meant for ingestion. |
| Aerosol (Oral) | Aqueous medication sprayed and absorbed in the mouth and upper airway. Not meant for ingestion. |
| Sustained release (ORAL) | Tablet or capsule that contains small particles of a medication coated with material that requires a varying amount of time to dissolve. |
| Ointment(Salve or cream) (TOPICAL) | Semisolid,externally applied preparation, usually containing one or more medications. |
| Liniment (TOPICAL) | Oily liquid applied to the skin. |
| Lotion (TOPICAL) | Emollient liquid that can be a clear solution, suspension, or emulsion. Applied externally. |
| Paste (TOPICAL) | Medication preparation that is thicker than ointment, absorbed through the skin more slowly than ointment. Applied externally. |
| Transdermal patch or disk. (TOPICAL) | Disk or patch embedded with a medication that is applied to the skin. Drug is absorbed through the skin over a designated period of time. |
| Solution (Parenteral) | Sterile preparation that contains water/normal saline, dissolved, and administered parenterally. The solution must be sterile. |
| Powder (PARENTERAL) | Sterile particles of a medication that are reconstituted with water/saline, dissolved and administered parenterally. The solution must be sterile. |
| Suppository (Instilled in Body Cavity) | Solid dosage form, mixed with gelatin and shaped in the form of a pellet for insertion into a body cavity (rectum or vagina). The suppository melts when it reaches body temperature and then is absorbed. |
| Intraocular Disk (Instilled in body cavity) | Disk(similar to a contact lens), embedded with a medication that is inserted into a patient's eye. The medication is absorbed over a designated period of time. |
| Solution (Instilled in body cavity) | Substance dissolved in water or other liquid. |
| Pharmacokinetics | study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, are metabolized, and exit the body. |
| Receptors | A specialized macromolecule that attaches or binds to the drug molecule |
| Agonist | A chemical (medication) that interacts with the receptor and stimulates a therapeutic effect. |
| Antagonist | A chemical (medication)that attaches to a receptor and does not stimulate a response. Prevents the action of an agonist, it has no pharmacological effect. |
| absorption | the way in which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the circulating fluids of the body, blood and lymphatic system. |
| Route of administration (Absorption factor) | Topical application on skin absorb slowly. Medications applied to mucous membranes and respiratory airways absorb quickly. Oral meds pass through GI tract and absorb slowly. The IV route absorbs most rapidly. |
| Ability to dissolve (Absorption factor) | solutions and liquid suspensions absorb more readily than tablets or capsules. Acid medications absorb quickly whereas basic meds (pH>7.0) do not absorb before reaching small intestine. |
| Blood Flow (absorption factor) | When the administration site contains a rich blood supply, medications absorb rapidly. |
| Body Surface Area (absorption factor) | A medication in contact with a large surface area (ex. small intestine) will absorb faster than those in contact with a smaller surface area. (ex. stomach) |
| Lipid solubility (absorption factor) | Medications that are highly lipid soluble absorb more readily. |
| Distribution | ways in which drugs are transported by the circulating body fluids to the sites of action (receptors)or target sites. |
| Factors that influence how effectively drugs get to their site of action: | circulation, cell membrane, permeability, protein binding |
| How can a low protein (albumin)level in the body affect the way some drugs act on the patient and which patients seem to have low protein? |
Created by:
Juryizstillout
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