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ELLIST#1
Antibiotics/Antiinfectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are nosocomial infections? | Bacterial infections acquired while in the hospital or nursing home. Generally drug resistant and difficult to treat |
| What auxiliary label would you use for antibiotics? | Take until finished. |
| What is a C&S test? | A culture & sensitivity test is a lab test to determine which drug has the best effect on killing or hindering the growth of the bacteria. |
| What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)? | The amount of drug needed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria. This is often reported with the C&S results. |
| What infections are penicillins used for? | RTIs, strep throat, syphilis, gonorrhea, tooth/gum infections, ear infections, endocarditis. |
| What should penicillins NOT be taken with? | Fruit juice or cola because the acid in these drinks can deactivate the drug. |
| What are the side effects of penicillins? | Stomach upset, diarrhea. Take with food to prevent stomach upset. |
| Patients with allergic reactions to penicillins will generally have allergies to what other drug class? | Cephalosporins. Both penicillins and cephalosporins kill bacteria by inhibiting the formation of their cell wall. |
| What precautions are taken for patients who have Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)infections? | Access to the patient's hospital room is restricted, anyone who enters must wear protective gear such as a gown, mask and gloves. These precautions are taken to prevent the spread of the bacteria. |
| What drug is most often used to treat MRSA? | vancomycin (Vancocin) |
| What is the brand name for amoxicillin? | Amoxil, Trimox |
| What is the brand name for the combination drug amoxicillin + clavulanate? | Augmentin |
| What are cephalosporins used to treat? | Upper and lower RTIs, skin infections, some UTIs, infection prophylaxis during surgical procedures. |
| What are the common side effects of cephalosporins? | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness. |
| What is the brand name for cefazolin? | Ancef |
| What is the generic name for Keflex? | cephalexin |
| What is the generic name for Ceclor? | cefaclor |
| What is the brand name for cefdinir? | Omnicef |
| What is the brand name for cefixime? | Suprax |
| What is the brand name for cefepime? | Maxipime |
| Why not treat a diabetic with Omnicef? | Omnicef is high in sugar content. |
| What auxiliary label should be printed with oral cephalosporins? | Shake well before using; Refrigerate |
| In which form is vancomycin generally administered? | IV form because the oral form is poorly absorbed into the blood stream. The oral dosage form is used only for infections within the intestines. |
| What are the side effects of vancomycin? | Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and ototoxicity (hearing loss). Blood levels must be monitored. |
| What drug causes red man syndrome? | Vancomycin -- which must be administered slowly to avoid this effect (hypotension, flushing, redness in the neck and face, rash). |
| How do macrolides work? | The block the bacteria's ability to produce proteins needed for survival. |
| What is the most commonly used macrolide? | erythromycin (EryC, Ery-Tab, EES, EryPed, Erythrocin, Pediazole) |
| What are the side effects of macrolide antibiotics? | Stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, diarrhea. |
| What auxiliary label do macrolide drugs need? | Take with food. |
| What is a common side effect of erythromycin? | Liver toxicity, jaundice. Patients with prior liver problems should not take this medication. |
| What is the brand name of the generic drug azithromycin? | Zithromax |
| What is the generic name of the drug Biaxin? | clarithromycin |
| What is the generic name of the drug Cleocin? | clindamycin |
| What conditions do aminoglycosides treat? | Peritonitis, severe infection of the gums, life-threatening infections such as sepsis. |
| Which drug class works synergistically with penicillins, cephalosporins and vancomycin | aminoglycosides |
| What is synergistic drug therapy? | When two or more drugs are used together because they employ different mechanisms of action that work better together than either drug works alone. |
| What is pulse dosing? | The act of giving a drug dose in a single dose per day rather than multiple times a day. Fewer instances of exposure to the drug during the day reduces the toxic effects of the drug on the body. |
| What are the common side effects of aminoglycosides/ | Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), ototoxicity (tinnitus, hearing loss and balance problems). Blood levels must be monitored. |
| What is a more serious side effect of aminoglycosides? | Muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, numbness, tingling, convulsions. Patients with neuromuscular disorders such as Parkinson's disease should not be treated with aminoglycosides. |
| What drug should not be mixed in the same bag with penicillins and cephalosporins/ | aminoglycosides |
| To what drug class does gentamicin belong? | aminoglycosides |
| What is the generic name for Tobrex? | tobramycin |
| Name 6 classes of drugs that treat bacterial infections. | penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin, metronidazole |
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pharmtechteach
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