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Argument An ARGUMENT is a group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for one of the others (the conclusion).
Argument Form An arrangement of words and letters such that the uniform substitution of terms or statements in place of the letters results in an argument
Argument from analogy An inductive argument that depends on the existence of a similarity between two things or states of affairs.
Argument by authority An inductive argument in which the conclusion rests on a statement made by some presumed authority or witness.
Argument by definition A deductive argument in which the conclusion is claimed to depend merely on the definition of some word or phrase used in the premise or conclusion.
Cogent Argument An inductive argument that is strong and has all true premises.
Conclusion The statement (proposition) in an argument which is claimed to follow logically from the premises.
Conclusion Indicators Conclusion indicators are indicator words that provide clues in identifying the conclusion of an argument. Some conclusion indicators are: therefore wherefore thus consequently we may infer accordingly we may conclude
Conditional Statement An "if...then" statement. Conditional statements contain a conditional operator as well as two component statements. The component statements are the conditional's antecedent and the consequent.
Deductive Argument An argument incorporating the claim that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true.
Explanation An expression that purports to shed light on some event or phenomenon. All explanations have two components: the explanans and the explanandum.
Explanans The explanans is the component of an explanation that explains the event of phenomenon indicated by the explanandum.
Explanandum The explanandum is the component that describes the event or phenomenon to be explained.
Expository Passage A kind of discourse that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop the topic sentence.
Illustration An expression involving one or more examples that is intended to show what something means or how it is done.
Inductive Argument An argument incorporating the claim that it is improbable that the conclusion is false given that the premises are true.
Inductive Generalization An inductive argument that proceeds from the knowledge of a selected sample to some claim about the whole group.
Informal Fallacy A fallacy that can be detected only through analysis of the content of an argument.
Logic Logic is the organized body of knowledge, or science, that evaluates arguments.
Loosely Associated Statements Statements that are about the same general subject matter and that lack an inferential relationship.
Modus Pollens If today is Tuesday, then I will go to work. Today is Tuesday. Therefore, I will go to work.
Modus Tollens If the watch-dog detects an intruder, the dog will bark. The dog did not bark Therefore, no intruder was detected by the watch-dog.
Premise A statement within an argument which is claimed to provide support for the argument's conclusion.
Premise Indicators indicator words that provide clues in identifying the premises of an argument. Some premise indicators are: since as indicated by because for in that may be inferred from as given that seeing that
Report A kind of non-argument consisting of one or more statements that convey information about some topic or event.
Sound Argument A deductive argument that is valid and has all true premises.
Statement/Proposition is a sentence of phrase that is either true or false. more... The truth or falsity of a statement (proposition) is called its TRUTH VALUE
Statement of Belief or Opinion A kind of non-argument composed of statements that express the personal conviction of a speaker or writer without giving any evidence in support of that conviction.
Strong Argument An inductive argument in which it is improbable that the conclusion is false given that the premises are true.
Truth Value There are two classical truth values (true and false). All statements (propositions), by definition, bear a truth value, i.e., each is either true or false, not both and not neither.
Valid Deductive Argument An argument in which it is impossible that the conclusion is false given that the premises are true.
Weak Analogy An informal fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of an argument depends on an analogy or similarity that is not strong enough to support the conclusion.
Weak Inductive Argument An inductive argument in which the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises even though it is claimed to do so.
Created by: mxer657
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