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Digital radiography!
Carlton/Adler CH 25
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What does "CR" mean | Computed Radiography |
What does "DR" mean | Direct Digital Radiography |
What is the difference between CR and DR equipment? | CR is indirect meaning the radiographer must move the detector between image acquisition and display. DR is direct meaning the detector and reader are a permanent part of the table or wall; therefore a cassette is not needed. |
What is a scintillator? | A compound that absorbs x-rays and converts the energy to visible light by fluorescence. |
What is the function of a scintillator? | To convert incoming x-ray photons to light |
What is PSP? | Photostimulable storage phosphor imaging plate |
How many layers make up a PSP? | Six |
What are the layers and in what order? | Protective layer, Phosphor layer, Conductor layer, Support layer, Light shield layer, and Backing layer |
What is the active component of an imaging plate and why is it called "active"? | Phosphor layer; photostimulable phosphor |
How is a latent image created utilizing CR? | By energy transfer during photoelectric interactions |
When will an exposed IP begin to lose its energy? An average of how much energy will be lost? | In 8 hours, 25% |
Why erase an IP? | To eliminate unwanted noise |
How is an PSP or IP erased? How often? | In a single processor unit or with separate desktop processor and erasure units - it is erased by exposure to an intense light to release any remaining trapped electrons; daily |
What is spatial resolution? | The degree of geometric sharpness or accuracy of recorded detail of the structure that you are radiographically imaging. |
What is an anatomical menu? | This is what is selected by body part, by the radiographer, when the imaging plate is loaded into the reading unit |
What is an S value, what are the parameters, and what manufacturer utilizes an S value? | Sensitivity number, 150-250, Fuji system |
Which manufacturer utilizes an exposure index for processing? What are the parameters? | Kodak System, 1800-2200 |
What is a histogram? | a graphical representation or diagram that is generated by dividing a scanned area into pixels and determining the signal intensity for each pixel. |
When comparing a digital system to a film/screen system, what are the advantages of digital radiography over film/screen? | Wide dynamic range, increased latitude, and the ability to use windowing and leveling. |
When comparing a digital system to a film/screen system, what are some potential disadvantages utilizing digital radiography? | Radiation safety and over exposure |
What is ALARA? | As Low As Reasonable Achievable: which includes avoiding any exposure to human tissue that will not be viewed during the diagnostic process. |
What is the difference between direct and indirect acquisition when it comes to digital radiography? | Direct-directly convert incoming x-ray photons to an electronic signal; Indirect-use a two-part process involving a scintillator and photodetector. |
What is latitude and how does latitude compare between a film/screen system and a digital system? | The range of exposures that will produce densities within the diagnostic range. No loses of the visibilities of structures that posses widely different densities. |
Grid use and CR radiography | Grid use in CR occurs more often due to the sensitivity of the imaging plate to scatter. |
What is data clipping? | Where the CR system does not send all the data acquired by the imange receptor to the post-acquisition system because the quanity of data is far greater than the display system can provide for viewing. |
How does a H&D curve differ between film/screen and digital radiography? | Digital response is linear. |
What is quantum mottle? How do you adjust your technical factors to correct quantum mottle? | A lack of sufficient incoming data to process an image:AKA quantum noise; Use adequate MAS-meaning you need to use a high enough MAS setting to compensate for this. |
What is DICOM? | The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard is a system of computer software standards that permit a wide range of digital imaging programs to understand one another |
Scintillators emit light _ , which can reduce spatial resolution. | Isotropically |
Fuji systems are _ proportional and Kodak systems are_ proportional | Inversely; Directly |