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Pyschology

Learning

QuestionAnswer
Name 5 sub-fields of psychology Cognitive, development, physiological, social, abnormal
Describe Cognitive psychology The study of how the brain works
Describe Physiological psychology The study of how the brain and body affect each other
Describe Social psychology The study of how people affect each other
Describe Developmental psychology The study of how people change as they get older
Explain Classical Conditioning A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response
Occurs when a conditioned response follows a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus Stimulus Generalization
The ability to differentiate between stimuli Stimulus Differentiation
Extinction Occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears
Spontaneous Recovery The re-emergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest
Positive Reinforcement Process where a stimulus is added to the environment to bring about an in increase in the probability that a preceding response will occur again in the future
Negative Reinforcement Process where an unpleasant stimulus is removed from the environment to bring about an increase in the probability that a preceding response will occur again the future
Positive Punishment Process where an unpleasant stimulus is added to the environment to bring about a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will occur again in the future
Negative Punishment Process where a pleasant stimulus is removed from the environment to bring about a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will occur again in the future
Teacher gives a child candy for behaving well in class Positive Reinforcement
Parent scolds a child for playing with fire Positive Punishment
You clean up your room so that your mother will stop nagging at you Negative Reinforcement
John in not allowed to watch TV because he failed his exams Negative Punishment
You take some medication for your headache Negative Reinforcement
Teacher makes the child clean the whiteboard during recess for misbehaving in class Positive/negative Punishment
Continuous Reinforcement Behaviour that is reinforced every time it occurs
Partial reinforcement Behaviour that is reinforced some but not all of the time
Name 6 schedules of reinforcement Continuous, Partial, Fixed-Ratio, Variable-Ratio, Fixed-Interval Schedule, Variable-Interval Schedule
Fixed-Ratio Schedule Reinforcement is given only after a fixed number of responses
Variable-Ratio Schedule Reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than a fixed number
Fixed-Interval Schedule Provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed
Variable-Interval Schedule Time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed
5 claps, 5 sweets Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
1st clap: 2 sweets 10th clap: 1 sweet Variable-Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
1 clap per 5 seconds, 1 sweet each interval Fixed-Interval Reinforcement Schedule
1 clap at random interval, 1 sweet per interval Variable-Interval
Latent Learning A new behaviour is learned but not demonstrated until reinforcement is provided for displaying it
Observational Learning Learning through observing the behaviour of another person called a model
What are the 4 steps of Observational Learning 1. Pay attention to model's behaviour 2. Remember the behaviour 3. Copy the behaviour. 4. Be motivated to repeat the behaviour in future
Created by: 100002166428937
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