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Exam2 Review - Pharm
Units 5-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that mimic Norepinephrine | Adrenergic Agonists ( sympathomimetics, adrenomimetics) |
| Classification of Adrenergic Agonists | Direct Acting, Indirect Acting, Mixed Acting |
| Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists | Stimulate the receptor (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine) |
| Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists | Stimulate the release of Norepinephrine from terminal nerve ending (Amphetamine) |
| Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists | Stimulate adrenergic receptor sites and stimulate the release of Norepinephrine from terminal nerve ending (Ephedrine) |
| Body tissues and organs effected by Adrenergic Agonists | Eye, Lungs, Heart, Blood Vessels, GI Tract, Bladder, Uterus |
| Adrenergic Agonists responses on body tissues and organs | Dilated pupil, Dilated bronchioles, Increased heart rate, Constricted blood vessels, Relaxes smooth muscle of GI Tract, Relaxes bladder muscles, relaxes uterine muscles |
| 4 Adrenergic Agonist receptors | Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, Beta2 |
| Locations of Alpha1 Receptors | Blood Vessels, Eye, Bladder |
| Effects of Alpha1 Receptors | Vasconstriction which increases blood pressure, Increased contractility of heart, Dilation of pupils, Uterine contractions |
| Locations of Alpha2 Receptors | Blood Vessels, Smooth Muscle of GI Tract |
| Effects of Alpha2 Receptors | Reduced release of Norepinephrine, Decreased blood pressure, Decreased GI tone and motility |
| Locations of Beta1 Receptors | Heart, Kidney |
| Effects of Beta1 Receptors | Increased heart contractions, Increased heart rate, Increased renin secretion, Increased angiotensin, Increased blood pressure |
| Locations of Beta2 Receptors | Smooth Muscle of GI Tract, Lungs, Uterus, Liver |
| Effects of Beta2 Receptors | Decreased GI tone and motility, Bronchodilation, Relaxation of uterine smooth muscle, Increased blood sugar leading to activation of glycogenolysis |
| Drugs that mimic Dopamine | Anticholinergics (antiparasympatheric agents) |
| Classification of drugs that mimic Dopamine | Anticholinergics, Dopaminergics, Dopamine Agonists, MAO-B Inhibitors, COMT Inhibitors |
| Anticholinergics | Block Cholinergic Receptors |
| Dopaminergics | Convert to Dopamine |
| Dopamine Agonists | Stimulate Dopamine Receptors |
| MAO-B Inhibitors | Inhibit MAO-B enzymes that interfere with Dopamine |
| COMT Inhibitors | Inhibit COMT enzymes that inactivate Dopamine |
| Body tissues and organs effected by Drugs that mimic Dopamine | Heart, Respiratory Tract, GI Tract, Urinary Bladder, Exocrine Glands, Eyes |
| Effects on body tissues and organs by Drugs that mimic Dopamine | Increase heart rate, Relaxation of smooth muscle of GI tract, Decrease GI tone and motility, Relaxes bladder, Dilation of pupils, Decreased salivation and perspiration, Dilated bronchioles, Decreased tremors |
| Drugs that mimic Acetylcholine | Cholinergic Agonists ( parasympathomimetics, cholinomimetics) |
| Classification of Cholinergic Agonists | Muscarinic and Nicotinic |
| Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors | Affect smooth muscle and slow the heart |
| Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors | Affect skeletal muscle |
| Body tissues and organs effected by Cholinergic Agonists | Eye, Lungs, Heart, Blood Vessels, GI Tract, Bladder, Salivary Glands |
| Effects of Cholinergic Agonists on body tissues and organs | Constricted pupils, Constricted bronchioles, Decreased heart rate, Dilated blood vessels, Increased perstalsis, Constricts bladder, Increases Salivation |
| Therapeutic Effects of Epinephrine | Treat allergic reactions: Anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchospasm, severe hypotension |
| Side Effects of Epinephrine | Nervousness, Tremors, Agitation, Pallor |
| Adverse Reactions of Epinephrine | Palpitations, Tachycardia, Dypsnea, Ventricular Fibrillation |
| Drug/Food Interactions of Epinephrine | Tricyclic Antidepressants (Increases Effects), Digoxin (Cardiac Dysrythmias occur), Beta Blockers (Antagonize Epinephrine) |
| Nursing Recommendations for Epinephrine | Monitor Blood Pressure, Pulse and Urinary Output, Avoid Cold Medications, Report tachycardia, tremors and dizziness, and avoid continuous use of nasal spray |
| Therapeutic Effects of Terbutaline (Brethine) | Corrects Bronchospasms |
| Therapeutic Effects of Propranolol (Inderal) | Treats Angina, Cardiac Dysrythmias, Hypertension, and heart failure |
| Side Effects of Propranolol (Inderal) | Weight Gain, Decreased Libido, Impotence, Slows Heart Rate |
| Drug/Food Interactions of Propranolol (Inderal) | COPD, Phenytoin, NSAIDS, Caffeine |
| Therapeutic Effects of Metropalol (Lopressor) | Treat/Manage Hypertension, Angina, Post Myocardial Infarctions |
| Side Effects of Metropalol (Lopressor) | Bradycardia, Hypotension, Dysrythmias, Cold Extremities |
| Drug/Food Interactions from Mertopalol (Lopressor) | NSAIDS (Decreases Effects), Prazosin, Terazosin, Atropine, Anticholinergics (Increase Effects), Insulin (Increases Risk of Hypoglycemia) |
| Therapeutic Effects of Albuterol (Proventil) | Treat Bronchospasm, Asthma, Bronchitis |
| Side Effects of Albuterol (Proventil) | Tremors, Blurred Vision, Dizziness, Restlessness |
| Adverse Reactions of Albuterol (Proventil) | Palpitations, Hallucinations, Seizures, Cardiac Dysrythmias |
| Drug/Food Interactions from Albuterol (Proventil) | MAOI's, other Sympathomimetics and Tricyclic Antidepressants (Increase Effects), Beta Blockers (Antagonize Effects) |
| Nursing Recommendations for Albuteral (Proventil) | Severe Cardiac Disease, Hypertension and Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy |
| Therapeutic Effects of Atropine | Preop Medication used to reduce salivation , Increase heart rate and Dilate pupils |
| Side Effects of Atropine | Dry Mouth, Dry skin, Blurred Vision, Photophobia |
| Adverse Reactions of Atropine | Tachycardia, Hypotension, Coma |
| Drug/Food Interactions of Atropine | Phenothiazines, Antihistamines, and Antidepressants (Increase anticholinergic effects) |
| Nursing Recommendations for Atropine | Renal/Liver Disorders, COPD, Heart Failure, Avoid Alcohol, Cigarettes, Caffeine, and Hot Enviornments, Wear Sunglasses |
| Therapeutic Effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) | Correct hyperactivity from ADHD, Increase attention span, Treat fatigue, and control Narcolepsy |
| Side Effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) | Increased Hyperactivity, Anorexia, Irritability, Nervousness |
| Adverse Reactions of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) | Tachycardia, Growth Suppression, Weight Loss, Palpitations |
| Drug/Food Interactions for Methylphenidate (Ritalin) | Caffeine (Increases Effects), Decongestants, Antihypertensives, Barbituates (Decrease Effects), Alter Insulin Levels, Anticoagulants (Coumadin), Anticonvulsants and Tricyclic Antidepressants (Increase Effects) |
| Nursing Recommendations for Methylphenidate (Ritalin) | Give before breakfast, Give not less than 6 hours before bedtime, Avoid alcohol and caffeine, Dont stop abruptly |
| Therapeutic Effects of Temazepam (Restoril) | Treats Insomnia |
| Side Effects of Temazepam (Restoril) | Sedative Effects, Hangover, Sleep Driving |
| Drug/Food Interactions for Temazepam (Restoril) | Alcohol, CNS Depressants |
| Nursing Recommendations for Temazepam (Restoril) | Take 15-45 minutes before bedtime, Causes pregnancy problems, First use nonpharmacologic treatments, Monitor Blood Pressure |
| Therapeutic Effects of Tegretol | For Grand Mal, Psychomotor and Mixed Seizures |
| Drug/Food Interactions for Tegretol | Avoid Grapfruits and Grapefruit Juices |
| Therapeutic Effects of Phenobarbital (Luminal) | Treat Partial, Grand Mal and Acute Seizures |
| Therapeutic Effects of Dilantin | Prevent Grand Mal and Complex Seizures |
| Side Effects of Dilantin | Sluggishness, Slurred Speech, Decreased coordination, Confusion |
| Adverse Reactions of Dilantin | Leukopenia, Depression, Thrombocytopenia, Gingivitis |
| Drug/Food Interactions for Dilantin | Tagamet, Sulfonamides (Increase Effects), Folic Acid, Antacids, Calcium, Antipsychotics (Decrease Effects), Anticoagulants, Oral Contraceptives, Dopamine, Antihistamine (Decrease Effects), Long Term Use leads to Hyperglycemia |
| Nursing Recommendations for Dilantin | Shake Well, Avoid herbs, alcohol, and CNS depressants, Diabetics need to monitor glucose, Discontinue use abruptly, Take at same time every day, Wear Medical Braclet |
| Narcolepsy | Falling asleep during normal waking activities such as driving a car or talking with someone |
| Pharmacologic Treatment for Narcolepsy | Amphetamines, Modafinil (Provigil), Pemoline (Cylert) |
| Anorexients | Used for Obesity and Suppression of appetite. |
| Dexadrine | Not safe in pregnancys, should only be taken with approval |
| Side Effects of Anorexients | Restlessness, Irritability, Heart palpitations, Insomnia, Hypertension |
| An Antidote for Opiods | Narcan |
| Stimulants for Opiods | Morephine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, Nubain |
| An antidote for Acetaminophen | Mucomyst |
| A stimulant for Acetaminophen | Tylenol |
| Antidotes for Phenothyazines | Seroquel, Risperdal, Clozaril, Invega |
| Stimulants for Phenothyazines | Aliphatic, Piperazine, Piperidine |
| An antidote for Respiratory Depression | Antihistamines (Epinephrine) |
| Stimulant for Respiratory Depression | Dopram |
Created by:
cdanella
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