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World Geo. Ch. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Continents | Landmasses above water on earth. |
| Solar System | Consists of the sun and nine know planets, as well as other celestial bodies that orbit the sun. |
| Inside the Earth | Core, Mantle, Magma, and Crust. |
| On and Above the Earth | Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. |
| hydrosphere | The water elements of the earth such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and water in the atmosphere. |
| Biosphere | The part of the earth where plants and animals live. |
| Continental drift | A hypothesis where continents drift on water. |
| Hydrologic cycle | The continuous circulation of water. |
| Drainage Basin | Area drained by a major river and its tributaries. |
| Ground water | Water held in the pores of rock. |
| Water table | The level at which the rock is saturated marks the rim of the water table. |
| Landforms | Naturally formed features on the surface of the earth. |
| Volcano | Opening in the earth, usually raised, through which gases and lava escape from the earth's interior. |
| Strait | A narrow channel connecting two larger bodies of water. |
| Island | Body of land surrounded by water. |
| Swamp | A lowland region that is saturated by water. |
| Flood Plain | Flat land near the edges of rivers formed by mud and silt deposited by floods. |
| Butte | A raised,, flat area of land with steep cliffs, smaller than a mesa. |
| Delta | Triangular area of land formed from deposits at the mouth of a river. |
| Marsh | Soft, wet, low-lying, grassy land that serves as a transition between water and land. |
| (River) Mouth | The place where a river flows into a lake or an ocean. |
| Harbor | A sheltered area of water deep enough for docking ships. |
| Bay | Part of an ocean or lake partially enclosed by land. |
| Sea Level | Level of the ocean's surface, used as a reference point when measuring the height or depth of the earth's surface. |
| Cape | A point of land extending into an ocean or lake. |
| Prairie | A large, level area of grassland with few or no trees. |
| Steppe | A wide, treeless grassy plain. |
| Mesa | A wide, flat-topped mountain with steep sides, larger than a butte. |
| Oasis | A spot of fertile land in a desert, fed by water from wells or underground springs. |
| Plateau | A broad, flat area of land higher than the surrounding land. |
| Mountain | Natural elevation of the earth's surface with steep sides and greater height than a hill. |
| Valley | low land between hills or mountains. |
| Glacier | A large ice mass that moves slowly down a mountain or over land. |
| Cliff | The steep, almost vertical edge of a hill, mountain, or plain. |
| Cataract | A step-like series of waterfalls. |
| Continental Shelf | The earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean. |
| Relief | The difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point. |
| Topography | The combination of the surface shape and composition of the landforms and their distribution in a region. |
| Tectonic Plates | The enormous moving pieces of the earth's lithosphere. |
| Fault | Fracture of a crack under pressures exerted by the plate movement in the earth's crust. |
| Earthquake | Violent movement of the earth. |
| Seismograph | Detects earthquakes. Also measures the size of the waves created by an earthquake. |
| epicenter | The point directly above the focus on the earth's surface. |
| Focus | The location in the earth where an earthquake begins. |
| Richter Scale | Uses information collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake. |
| tsunami | A giant wave in the ocean sometimes caused by earthquakes. |
| lava | Magma that has reached the earth's surface |
| Ring of Fire | A zone around the rim of the Pacific Ocean. |
| Weathering | physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock on or near the earth's surface. |
| Erosion | Movement of rock. |
| Sediment | broken down rock |
| mechanical weathering | physical weathering of rock |
| chemical weathering | chemical weathering of rock |
| water erosion | water picks up rocks and moves it elsewhere. |
| loess | wind blown silt and clay sediment that produce very fertile soil. |
| glaciation | changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers. |
| moraine | rocks left behind by a glacier may form a ridge or hill called a moraine. |
| humus | The texture of soil, the amount of organic material is called humus. |
| Parent material | The chemical composition of the original rock, or parent rock, before it decomposes affects its fertility. |
| Organisms (soil) | They help to loosen soil and supply nutrients for plants. |
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