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World Geo. Ch.1
Study guide for Test with vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geography | The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on earth. |
| Location | Where is it? |
| Place | What is it like? Physical features and cultural characteristics of a location. |
| Region | How are places similar or different? |
| Movement | How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another? |
| Human-Environment Interaction | How do people relate to the physical world? How people learn to use what the environment offers them and to change that environment to meet their needs. |
| Absolute Location | Exact place on earth where a geographic feature, such as a city, is found. |
| Relative Location | A place in comparison to other places around it. |
| hemisphere | Each half of a globe. |
| Equator/Lines of Latitude | Imaginary line that divides the north and south halves. |
| Prime Meridian/Greenwich Meridian/ Lines of Longitude | Imaginary line dividing the earth east and west. |
| Formal Regions | Defined by a limited number of related characteristics. Ex: area specified by climate, vegetation, and land use patterns. |
| Functional Regions | A set of interactions and connections between places. |
| Perceptual Regions | A region in which people perceive, or see, the characteristics of the region in the same way. |
| Linear Distance | How far across the earth a person, an idea, or a product travels. Physical geography can affect linear distance by forcing a shift in a route to avoid impassable land or water. |
| Time Distance | The amount of time it takes for a person, an idea, or a product to travel. Modern inventions have shortened time distances. Ex: In 1800s, pioneers who travel to California take 6 months, while now, we can take an airplane to get there in under 6 hours. |
| Psychological Distance | The way people view distance. |
| Globe | 3-dimensional representation of the earth. |
| Maps | 2-dimensional representation of selected parts of the earth's surface. |
| Cartographer | Mapmaker |
| Map Projection | A way of drawing Earth's surface by presenting a round Earth on flat paper. |
| Topographic Map | A representation of natural specific kinds of information, such as climate or population density. |
| Surveying | The first step in mapmaking. Surveyors observe, measure, and record what they see in a specific area. |
| Landsat | A series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above the Earth. |
| Terrain map | selected to identify all areas flat enough for landing airplanes. |
| Land Use Map | Shows areas that have few homes. |
| Base Map | Shows where roads are located so that the airport can be reached and safety concerns are handled. |
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) | Stores information about the world in a digital database. |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | The system uses a series of 24 satellites called Navstars, which beam information to the earth. Everything is transmitted into a hand-held receiver. Provides absolute location. |
| Theodolite | A type of surveying instrument. It precisely measures angles and distances on the earth. |
| Magnetic Compasses | Helps to accurateely determine direction. |
| Map Elements | Title, Compass Rose, Labels, Legend, Lines of Latitude, Lines of Longitude, Scale, Symbols, Colors. |
| Ratio Scale | This shows the ratio of distance on the map compared to real earth measurement. |
| Bar Scale | Shows the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the earth. |
| Small Scale | Shows a large area but without much detail. |
| Large Scale | Shows a small area with much more detail. |
| Global Grid | Shows Absolute location using latitude and longitude measurement. |
| Planar Projections | A projection on a flat surface. Also known as an azimuthal projection. Size and shape is distorted. |
| Conical Projections | Projection onto a cone. Fairly accurate but distorts landmasses at the edges of the map. |
| Compromise Projections | A Projection onto a cylinder. Also known as the Mercator. |
| Homolosine Projection | Also known as an interrupted map. Shows accurate shapes and sizes of the landmasses, but distances on the map are not correct. |
| Robinson Projection | A type of compromise location, commonly used in textbooks.Shows everything very accurately except the landforms near the poles, which appear flat. |
| Physical Maps | Shows the types of landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area. |
| Political Maps | Shows features on the earth's surface that humans created. |
| Thematic Maps | Focuses on specific types of information. |
| Qualitative Maps | A type of Thematic Map. Uses colors, symbols, dots, or lines to help you see patterns related to a specific idea. |
| Cartograms | A type of Thematic map. Presents information about a country based on a set of data other than land area. |
| Flow-Line Maps | A type of Thematic Map. Illustrates movement of people, goods, ideas, animals, or even glaciers. Usually shown through arrows. |
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n0103922
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