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Pharmacology
Chp 2-5 Intro to Pharm, Legislation/standards, Drug dosage/administration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a broad term that includes the study of drugs & their actions in the body. | pharmacology |
| any substance used as medicine | drug |
| what are 4 different types of drugs | chemical substances, plant parts or products, animal products, & certain food substances |
| an action, usually negative, that is different from the planned effect | adverse or untoward effect |
| an untoward reaction that develops after the indicidual has taken a drug | allergic reaction |
| the combined effect of 2 drugs that is less than the effect of either drug taken alone | antagonism |
| an agent or measure that relieves symptoms | palliative |
| an agent or measure used to prevent disease | prophylactic |
| pertaining to treatment of disease | therapeutic |
| increasing resistance to the usual effects of an established dosage of drug as a result of continued use | tolerance |
| ac | before meals |
| bid | twice a day |
| DC | discontinue, discharge |
| gtt | a drop |
| hs | at bedtime |
| IU | international unit |
| pc | after meals |
| PO | by mouth |
| prn | as needed |
| q2h | every 2 hours |
| qid | 4 times a day |
| the proper amount of medicine or agent prescribed for a given patient or condition | dosage |
| what factors influence dosage (know 4) | age, sex, condition of patient, psychological factors, environmental factors, temperature, method of administration, genetic factors, body weight |
| this is obtained when the drugs applied in the immediate are where its effect is desired | local effect |
| what are 2 kinds of local effects | application to the skin & application to the mucous membranes |
| what are exampled of application to the mucous membranes | suppositories, enemas, intranasal preparations, opthalmic preparations & ear preparations |
| what ways can a drug be administered to obtain systemic effects | orally, sublingually, rectally, parenterally, by inhalation, or sometimes topically |
| swallowing of a drug | oral administration |
| placing a drug under the tongue | sublingual administration |
| what is an example of a drug given as sublingual administration | nitroglycerin |
| what are the most common inhaled drugs | used for respiratory tract such as asthma |
| administration of a drug by a needle | parenteral administration |
| needle is inserted at an angle almost parallel to the skin surface, placing the drug within the dermis | intradermal injection (used for skin testing) |
| solution is placed beneath the skin to the fat or connective tissue | subcutaneous injection |
| administration directly into the muscle | intramuscular injection |
| placing a drug directly into a vein | inrtavenous administration |
| placing a drug directly into an artert | intra-arterial administration |
| a drug must first be absorbed into blood & carried to the tissue or organ | systemic effects |
| 5 ways to administer drug parenterallly | intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, or intra-arterial |
| powdered or liquid drugs within a gelatin container | capsules |
| aqueous preparations containing suspended materails intended for soothing, using local application | lotions |
| mixtures of drugs with a fatty base for external application, usually by rubbing | ointments |
| mixtures of drugs with some firm base such as cocoa butter, which can be molded into shape for insertion into a body orifice | suppositories |
| aqueous solutions of a sugar | syrups |
| alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from drugs | tinctures |
| flat, round, or rectangular preparations that are held in the mouth until dissolved | troches or lozengers |
| states the name & quantities of ingredients | inscription |
| gives directions to the patient | signatura |
| a new order is required for the drug to be continued after a specified time | automatic stop policy |
Created by:
YTIMBC
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