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Gait statistics
gait terms and statistics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pelvic rotation | the pelvis moves forward and backward (transverse pelvic rotation) |
| Pelvic forward rotation occurs | on the side of the unsupported or swing extremity; mean rotation is ~4 degrees |
| Pelvic backward rotation occurs | on the weight-bearing or stance leg. ~4 degrees for a total of 8 degrees |
| Pelvic up and down motion | or lateral tilt occurs on the unsupported or swing side ~5 degrees; controlled by hip abductor muscles. |
| Lateral pelvic tilt high point | midstance |
| Lateral pelvic tilt low point | period of double support |
| Pelvis moves side to side | ~4 cm, follows the stance or support limb |
| Cadence | the number of steps taken per unit of time. Mean cadence is 113 steps/minute |
| Increased cadence | shorter step length and decrease duration of period of double support. |
| Running occurs when | the period of double support disappears, typically at a cadence of 180 steps/minute. |
| Step length | the linear distance between point of foot contact (heel strike) of one extremity to the point of heel strike of the opposite extremity |
| Step time | the number of seconds that elapse during one step. |
| Step width | the distance between feet (base of support); measured from one heel to the same point on the opposite heel |
| Normal step width ranges | from 2.54cm to 12.7 cm (1-5 inches) |
| Stride length | the linear distance between two consecutive contact points of the same extremity. |
| Stride time | the number of seconds that elapse during one stride (one complete gait cycle) |
| Velocity | (walking speed) the rate of motion in any direction, the distance is divided by the time. |
| Average walking speed | 82 m/min (~3 mi/hour) |
| Average oxygen rate for comfortable walking | 12 mL/kg/min |
| Metabolic cost of walking averages | 5.5 kcal/min on level surfaces; energy cost may vary widely depending on speed of walking, stride length, body weight, type of surface, gradient and activity (stair climbing) |
| Increased energy cost of walking | occurs with age, abnormal gait (e.g., disease, muscle weakness or paralysis, physical disability), or with use of functional devices (crutches, orthoses, prostheses). |
Created by:
watsdny
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