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env science Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| major fields of environmental science ? | biology , physics , chemistry , earth science & social sciences |
| sustainability | the condition in which needs are met so the human population can survive indefinately |
| Ecological Footprint | amount of land needed to support one person |
| Biodiversity | the number and variety of species that live in an area |
| causes of loss of biodiversity | human impact on the environment |
| fresh water - location | ice caps glaciers, grond & surface water uses ; residential - bathing clothes washer dishwasher & toliets |
| industry | manufactoring ,generating power & disposal of wastes |
| residential | bathing clothes washer dishwasher & toliets |
| agriculture | water for crops |
| Conservation | turn off water when brushing, shorters baths and shower & water your lawn early |
| surface water | rivers lakes & streams |
| watershed | the area of land that drains into a river |
| groundwater | found in the earth , acessed with wells difficult to clean if polluted |
| aquifers | underground formations that store water |
| recharge zone | the area of land that refills groundwater in aquifers |
| ocean pollution | caused by oil spills boats human activity on land that cause the most ocean pollution |
| non-point source pollution | comes from multiple locations (liter) |
| artificial eutrophication | phosphates found in detergants & fertilizers runoff into water & can lead too much algae growth which reduces oxygen and causes fish to die |
| point source pollution | comes from one location (oil spill) |
| thermal pollution | warm water used by industry for cooling machienery released to waterways decreases amount of oxygen and causes fish to die |
| biomagnification | the accumulation of pollutants or toxins at each level in a foodchain |
| primary pollutant | a pollutant that is directly released by human activity (soot from a campfire) |
| secondary pollutant | forms when a pollutant combine in the air (ozone) |
| types of air pollution - acid precipation | ph - below 5 - cause rain or snow that harms organisms & deteriorates structures . created from burning fossil fuels that release nitrogen & sulfur oxides |
| types of air pollution- carbon monoxide | lowers the level of oxygen in the blood & can cause death |
| types of air pollution- Radon | radioactive gas found in basements ( cause cancer) |
| types of air pollution-asbestos | fibrous material that was once used for insulation which causes cancer |
| Greenhouse gasses | water vapor carbon dioxide methane & other gasses that trap heat in our atmosphere (causes global warming) |
| CFC pollution | chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol cans & refrigerants cause - CFCs collect in the upper atmosphere destroy ozone efect - UV rays harm life on earth (skin cancer) |
| SIck - buliding syndrome | illnes caused by air pollution in buildings without proper ventilation |
| land cover | EX URBAN( high pop denstiy) suburban ( average pop d) & rural (low pop d) ` |
| urban sprawl | the expansion of cities into suburban and rural areas |
| open spaces | improve air qualities bc plants act as filters for air pollutants |
| wilderness areas | natural land protected from explotation provides safe habitats for animals |
| land use plans | determining in advance how land will be use & the environmental impact used for homes agriculture industry parks ; public can have input in the plans |
| geographic information system | computer program that stores & manipulates data for city elements |
| infrastructure | all public including Roads & bridges police & fire dept schools & hospitals powerlines & sewers |
| deforestation | the burning or lodging of forests to provide wood charcoal &agriculture land |
| Devolped nations | more energy use more wealth |
| devopling nations | use less energy less wealth |
| generators | converts mechanical energy to electrical energy |
| non renewable resources | used quicker than replennsihed |
| types of non renewable resources | petroleum/oil transportation coal (producing electrictity) natural gas(heat & cook) |
| advantages of natural resources | easy to obtain / profitable |
| disadvantages of natural resources | less than 40 years of petroleum remaining & creates airpollution |
| fossil fuels & nuclear pwr make up ____ % of our energy needs & both are non renewable | 94 |
| nuclear fisson | spilt uranium atoms for energy creating radioactive waste but no air pollution (occurs in power plants ) |
| nuclear fusion | combines hydrogen atoms ; creates tremendous energy with out pollution ( occurs in the sun ) |
| renewable resources | replensished quickly |
| types of renewable resources | solar wind biomass hydropower geothermal |
| advantages of RR | quickly replaced (except biomass) & dont create water or air pollution |
| disadvantages of RR | not found across the globe , energy is produced minimal compared to the amount needed |
| solar energy | passive & active solar heating heats homes & water photovoltaic cells make electricity |
| wind energy | fastest growing renewable resource |
| geothermal | generates electricity from warming water underground |
| hybrid cars | use electric motor and gas engine |
| biomass | includes wood animal dung & ethanol (corn) used for heating & cooking |
| landfill | waste may leak out in the form of leachate ;iquid runoff from a landfill) that pollute land & water produce explosive gasses too (methane) |
| incenerators | reduces waste in landfillls but creates toxic air pollution |
| superfund act | forces polluters to pay for illegally dumped waste |
| degradable plastics | broken down into smaller pieces by bacteria or sunlight |
| hazordous waste | toxic explosive or corrosive substances (end up in landfills harmful , burry deep underground in containers) |
| source reduction | change in something to reduce its negatove effect on the environment RECYCLE& REUSE :) |
Created by:
colleen-heather
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