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Rad 201 - Rad Prot
Introduction to Radiation Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "ALARA" stands for? | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| Radiation involving a transfer of energy. Capable of removing an orbital electron from an atom. Produces a + and - charge | Ionizing Radiation |
| Provides control over the use of "radiant energy" | Radiation Protection |
| Breakdown of radioactive substances | Decay |
| Radioactive atom is unstable. It emits radiation to try and reach stability. | Gamma Radiation |
| Interaction of a particle within an atom | X-Ray Radiation |
| Type of energy that x-rays are? | Electromagnetic energy |
| (T/F) Ultrasound is a form of ionizing radiation? | FALSE |
| (T/F) Radiation produces damage by ionizing atoms of tissues. Causes molecular change. | TRUE |
| Cellular damage that results in changes in an organism. Effects only the person receiving an x-ray. | Somatic |
| Cellular damage that results in changes in an organism and their future offspring. | Genetic |
| Radiation found naturally in the environment | Naturally Occuring |
| Radiation emitted from cosmic rays (such as the sun and stars) | Extraterrestrial |
| Radioactive nuclides within body tissues | Internal Radiation |
| Name 3 radioactive nuclides | Potassium, Carbon, and Polonium |
| Radioactive materials found in the earth. Natural source of radiation. (ex: uranium, thorium) | Terrestrial |
| Radioactive gas from the decay or uranium. Is largest percent of terrestrial radiation. | Radon |
| Type of cancer associated with radon | Lung Cancer |
| (T/F) The intensity of extraterrestrial radiation is higher with increased altitudes? | TRUE |
| Type of radiation that accounts for airport surveillance systems, consumer products, television, medicial procedures, and nuclear reactors? | Man Made Radiation |
| AVG dosage of radiation from man-made sources each year? | 65 mr |
| AVG dosage of radiation that comes from diagnostic x-rays each year? | 39 mr |
| Who discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895? | William Roentgen |
| First U.S. fatality from x-ray damage? Was Thomas Edison's assistant. | Dally |
| Amount of radiation causing redness of the skin | Skin Erythemia Dose |
| Measurement of ionizaation produced by x-ray or gamma ray photons in the air. | Exposure |
| Unit of exposure in air. (Traditional) | Roentgen |
| Unit of exposure in air. (SI) | Coulumb/kilogram |
| Amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object. | Absorbed Dose |
| Unit used to express absorbed dose. (Traditional) | Rad |
| Unit used to express absorbed dose. (SI) | Gray |
| Used to calculate dose for body tissues and biological damage. | Effective Dose |
| Used to calculate the effective absorbed dose for all types of radiation. | Absorbed Dose Equivalent |
| Unit of effective dose? Radiation equivalent in man. (Traditional) | Rem |
| Unit of effective dose. (SI) | Sievert |
| Absorbed dose equivalent is measured by ... | absorbed dose X quality factor |
| (T/F) The higher the atomic number of the structure being irradiated, the lower the amount of energy being absorbed | FALSE |
| (T/F) 50 Rads of fast neutrons cause more damage than 50 rads of x-rays | TRUE |
| (T/F) X-ray, beta, and gamma rays have the same quality factor | TRUE |
| Amount of energy transferred by radiation as it travels through an object. How effecient a type of radiation is at causing ionization of excitation. | LET - Linear Energy Transfer |
| (T/F) A higher LET has a greater QF | TRUE |
| (T/F) A higher LET has a decreased risk of cell damage and is less ionizing | FALSE |
| Amount of radiation allowed per year for occupational exposure | 5000 mrem |
| Amount of radiation allowed per year to a pregnant woman | 500 mrem |
| Amount of radiation allowed per year to the general public | 500 mrem |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from NATURAL sources | 82% |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from MAN MADE sources | 18% |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from RADON | 55% |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from COSMIC sources | 8% |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from TERRESTRIAL sources | 8% |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from INTERNAL sources | 11% |
| Percentage of radiation exposure that is from MEDICAL X-RAYS | 11% |
| How many MR a year accounts for medical x-rays | 39mr |
| How many MR a year accounts for nuclear medicine | 14mr |
| How many MR a year is from consumer products | 10mr |
| Transfer of energy | Radiation |
| Amount of radiation that the patient receives | Patient Dose |
| Patient dose is indicated by what 4 types of doses? | Skin, Organ, Eye, and Fetal |
Created by:
team_edwards
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