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Ch. 56 Pharm

Drugs for Women's Menopause and Reproduction

QuestionAnswer
Menarche Start of spontaneous menstration
Menopause Permanent stop of menstration
Estrogen-Progestin Combination Products Also known as CHC, conatin synthetic estrogen and progestin
Estrogen Component Stabilizes uterine endometrium and decreases occurance of irregular bleeding
Progestin Component Changes endometrium making it harder to achieve implantation
Oral Contraception (COC) Most commonly used methods of reversible contraception
Advantages of COC's Shorter lighter periods, decrease blood loss, decrease in uterine cramps, easy to use, high effectiveness, safety, prevent ovarian cysts
Goal of COC's Offer best contraceptive protection while producing the lowest amount of side effects
Side Effects of increased estrogen activity Breast changes, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), heavy periods (mennorhagia)
Side Effects of decreased estrogen activity absence of periods (amenorrhea) and spotting
Side Effects of increased progestin activity Depression, fatigue, and decreased libido
Side Effects of decreased progestin activity Breakthrough bleeding and headaches
Three types of COC Monophasic, Biphasic, and Triphasic
Monophasic Fixed estrogen and progestin levels
Biphasic Fixed estrogen levels and levels of progestin vary
Triphasic Lower levels of estrogen and progestin
Extended COC Drugs Loestrin, Yaz
Loestrin Monophasic, Active pill days are extended, shortens the period
Yaz Monophasic, active pill days are extended, less hormonal changes during cycles.
Continuous COC Cause bleeding to occur 4 times a year
Continuous COC Drugs Seasonale, Seasonique
Ortho-Evra Transdermal Patch Inihibits ovulation, thickens cervical mucus
Ortho-Evra Advantages Decreased menstral flow, cramps, acne, body hair and vaginal dryness
Progestin Contraception Do not contain estrogen. For women who cannot take combined contraceptives
Four mechanisms of action for progestin COC Alteration in cervical mucus, interference in endometrial lining, decreased perstalsis, and interference of LH surge
Pharmacokinetics of estrogen COC Rapidly absorbed orally, eliminated via liver, significant first pass method, half-life 6/20 hours, and excretion through bile and urine
Pharmacokinetics of progestin COC Well absorbed orally, bound to plasma proteins, and half life 5/14 hours
Severe Adverse Reactions of CHC Deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and breast tumors
Three stages of Menopause Perimenopause, Menopause, and Postmenopause
Perimenopause Before cessation has occured, menstration starts to vary, ovarian follicles are depleted resulting in decreased estrogen
Symptoms of perimenopause Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, decreased libido, joint pain, fatigue and insomnia
Menopause Permanant end of menstration caused by cessation of ovarian function. Average age 50
Postmenopause When body starts adapting to hormonal changes, increased LH levels, ovaries start to secrete androgens
Prempro Oral hormone replacement therapy
Prempro actions Prevent uterin hyperplasia when estrogen is used. For women with intact uterus
Menostar Lowest dose treatment patch used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Created by: cdanella
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