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Chapter 10 Milady
Basics of Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Solutions that have a pH below 7.0, and turn litmus paper from blue to red. | Acids |
| Solutions that have a pH above 7.0, and turn litmus paper from red to blue. | Alkalis |
| Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products | Alkanolamines |
| Colorless gas with a pungent odor. Composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. | Ammonia |
| An ion with a negative electrical charge. | Anion |
| Smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element. | Atom |
| An ion with a positvie charge. | Cation |
| Change in the chemical and physical properties of a substance due to a chemical reaction that creates a new substnace or substances. | Chemical Change |
| Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reation and a chemical change in the substance. | Chemical Properties |
| Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under various conditions. | Chemistry |
| Rapid oxidation of substance. accompanied by the production of heat and light. | Combustion |
| Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together | Compounds |
| The simplest form of matter, it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity | Element |
| A chemical combination of stoms of the same element | Elemental Molecules |
| An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier | Emuslion |
| Chemical reactions that produce heat. | Exothermic |
| Sweet colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in skin and body creams. | Glycerin |
| Water loving. | Hydrophilic |
| Not capable of being mixed. | Immiscible |
| Study of substances that do not contain carbon. | Inorganic Chemistry |
| An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge. | Ion |
| Seperation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions. | Ionization |
| Oil loving. | Lipophilic |
| Multiples of ten. | Logarithm |
| Any substance that occupies space and has mass. | Matter |
| Capable of being mixed with another liquid in any proportion without seperating. | Miscible |
| A chemical combination of two or more atoms. | Molecule |
| Oil droplets emulsified in water. | Oil-in-Water (o/w) Emuslion |
| Study of substances that contain carbon. | Organic Chemistry |
| A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to prduce an oxide. | Oxidation |
| Substance that releases oxygen. | Oxidizing Agent |
| Measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. | pH Scale |
| Change in the form or physical properties of a substaance without the formation of a new substance. | Physical Change |
| Physical combination of matter, in any proportion. | Physical Mixture |
| Charecteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical reaction in the substance. | Physical Properties |
| Chemical combination of matter in definite proportions. | Pure Substance |
| Contraction for reduction-oxidation; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized. | Redox |
| To substract oxygen from or add hydrogen to a substance. | Reduced |
| Special type of oil used in hair conditioner and as water resistant lubricants for the skin. | Silicones |
| Substance that is dissolved in a solution. | Solute |
| Stable mixture of two or more mixable substances. | Solution |
| Substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution. | Solvent |
| Surface active agents; substances that act as bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify. | Surfactants |
| Unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid. | Suspension |
| Easily evaporating. | Volatile |
| Substances containing carbon that evaporate quickly and easy. | Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) |
| Water droplets emulsified in oil. | Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion |
| the chemical reaction of of subtracting oxygen from, or adding hydrogen to, a substance | Reduction |
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lois100754
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