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GJHS Phys. Sci. S2

GJHS Phys Sci. Exam Review Pt. 2 2010-2011

QuestionAnswer
The measurement of how much matter an object contains is its __________. Mass
The measurement of the amount of mass contained in a given volume is called ______. Density
The density of a block of wood with a volume of 50 cubic centimeters and a mass of 100 grams is _________________. 2g/cm3
The first person known to think that matter is made of atoms is _______. Democritus
Dalton's theory of atoms said that the masses of elements in a compound are always _______. in a constant ratio
On a long trip, a truck's tires can get very hot, causing _________. their pressure to increase
When the temperature of a gas decreases at constant volume, its _____________ pressure decreases
According to Boyle's law, when the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperatures, its volume __________. Decreases
Why can gold be easily, separated from other materials in a mixture? it has a high density
A solid is a state of matter that has a(n)_______. Definite volume and a definite shape
Which state of matter undergoes changes in volume most easily? Gas
In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them? Gas
According to Charles's law, when the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, its ___________. Volume increases
When an inflated balloon is exposed to cold air? The volume of the balloon decreases
Which process involves a gas changing into a liquid? Condensation
During the time it takes for an entire sample of a substance to change from a solid to a liquid, the temperature of the substance ______________________. Remains the same
A graph of Boyle's law shows the relationship between volume and _____________________. Pressure of gas
A graph that shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume under constant temperature demonstrates what "law?" Boyle's law
Data plotted on a graph results in a line that slopes upward from left to right. What does this graph tell you? When one variable increases, the other variable increases
When a substance changes from a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid state, the change is described as __________. Sublimation
What is vaporization? A liquid becoming a gas
During the time it takes for an entire sample of a substance to change from a solid to a liquid, the temperature of the substance _____________________. Remains the same
Which process involves a gas changing into a liquid? Condensation
The energy a substance has from the movement of its particles is called ___________. Thermal energy
IN which state of matter would a substance have the least thermal energy? Solid
Ice melts as a result of thermal energy flowing from the ______________________. Surroundings to the ice
Very energetic particles that move in all directions around the nucleus of an atom are ______________. Electrons
The elements in a column of the periodic table are: A. in the same family or B. in the same period. A. in the same family
What information in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom? The element's atomic number
Electrons involved in bonding between atoms are called ___________. Valence electrons
What is the greatest number of valence electrons an atom can have? 8
What prediction did Mendeleev make, that came true in less than 20 years? That three new elements would be discovered, and he described their properties.
Where are metals located in the periodic table? To the left of the zigzag line
The two most common alkaline earth metals are magnesium and _______________________. Calcium
Transition metals are so similar that it's often difficult to find differences between them. True or False? True
When an atom loses an electron, what does it become? A positive ion
How does nuclear fusion create new elements inside stars? Small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei
At room temperature, more than half of the nonmetal elements are ___________________. Gases
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine are part of this family. Halogens
Which memeber of the carbon family is a nonmetal? Carbon
An ionic bond is formed when electrons are _________________. Transferred
How many chloride ions are needed to cancel the 2+ charge of magnesium in magnesium chloride (MgCl2)? 2
What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula Na2S? Sodium sulfide
Why is carbon dioxide nonpolar? The opposite pulling of its polar bonds cancel out
Which of the following compounds has the highest melting point? Table salt
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of ionic compounds? They have low melting points
Bonds that form between two nonmetals are usually. Covalent
How many covalent bonds can oxygen form? 2
What is a double bond? Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
A solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction is called ______________. Precipitate
What happens when chemical bonds break and new bonds form? A chemical reaction
The properties of a mineral crystal are determined by the arrangement of its particles and the _______________. Bonds holding the particles together
A characteristic of halite is if you break it the smaller pieces all have the same shape as the bigger piece. True or False? True
Which process changes matter into one or more new substances? Chemical change
A naturally occurring solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition is a(n) ________________. Mineral
In a chemical reaction, energy is either absorbed or released. True or False? True
Every chemical reaction involved a change in this? Energy
A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat is described as this. Endothermic
Symbols of elements are used to write the formulas of compounds much like letters are used to write words. True or False True
Sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and water combine to produce sulfuric acid (2 SO2 + O2 +2H2O-->2H2SO4). What type of chemical reaction is this? A synthesis reaction
Is this a balanced chemical equation: 2Fe 2O3+3C-->4Fe+3CO2? Yes or No? Yes
To balance the chemical equation in which hydrogen and oxygen are combined to yield water (H2 + O2 -->H2O), one would need to do this? Change the coefficients of both H2 and H2O to 2
In what way can a fire be brought under control? Remove oxygen
Water affects most fires by cooling the fire and preventing contact between oxygen and fuel. True or False. True
What is the best way to put out a small kitchen fire? By using a home fire extinguishing
Water affects most fires by doing this? Cooling the fire and preventing contact between oxygen and fuel
The particles in a colloid are this? Undissolved particles that do not settle out
When 40mL of alcohol form a solution with 30mL of water, what is the solvent, alcohol or water? Alcohol
Acids naturally present in food are safe to eat because they are usually weak. True or False True
In water, bases form which type of ions. Hydroxide ions
Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water is a(n) __________. Acid
You are most likely to find a base in these? Household cleaners
How can a scientist tell whether a water solution contains table salt or sugar? By testing the electrical conductivity of the solution
When you add so much solute that no more dissolves, you have a __________________ solution. Saturated
What does it mean if a compound has a solubility of 15g in 100g of water at 0 degrees Centigrade? 15g of the compound will dissolve in 100g of water at 0 degrees Centigrade.
What is one way to increase the solubiity of carbon dioxide in water? Chill the water
When a solute is added to a solvent, the freezing point of the solution is this? Lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
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