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Merrills Ch.18 Repro
Test Question
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day | 1-2 Liters per day |
| • For which body habitus are eth kidneys highest | hypersthenic |
| • How much will kidneys drop from upright to supine | 2" |
| • What are the microscopic components of the kidneys | nephrons |
| • The part identified in the figure below is the left kidney | know that pic |
| • The area of the kidney in the figure below is the renal pelvis | I believe this pic is in the workbook |
| • The cluster of blood capillaries in the capsule of the nephrons is the | glomerulus |
| • What servers to filter the blood of the kidneys | glomerulus |
| • Cup shaped recesses in the kidneys | calyces |
| • Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum | behind the peritoneum |
| • How much fluid can the adult bladder hold | 500 mL |
| • Where do the ureters enter the bladder | posterior wall |
| • How long is the urethra in females | 1.5 in |
| • The technique of injecting contrast into a vein to take views of kidneys ureters and bladder is termed | IV urography |
| • An x-ray of the urinary bladder is termed | Cystography |
| • For which of the following areas is the retrograde technique used | bladder, urethra, and lower ureters (ALL) |
| • The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast medium is | 50-70 % |
| • Which is true regarding non ionic contrast | cost is higher and less likely to cause a reaction (ONLY) |
| • Common reactions for contrast include | warmth and flushing (ONLY) |
| • Significant reactions to contrast include | nausea, vomiting, edema of the mucous membrane (ALL) |
| • Vast majority of all reactions to contrast occur within how many minutes after injection | 5 min |
| • Prep of patient for IVU includes | light evening meal, a non gas laxative, NPO after midnight (ALL) |
| • Exposure for IVU should be able to show | outline of kidneys, lower border of liver, lateral margin of psoas muscle (ALL) |
| • Which must be available during IVU | radiologist and emergency cart (ONLY) |
| • Where is compression applied during IVU | distal ureters |
| • Compression should not be used during IVU is patient has | aneurism or colostomy (ONLY) (iodine allergy is ok) |
| • Resp for IVU | expiration |
| • contraindications to IVU include | anueria and renal failure (ONLY) (elderly is ok for IVU) |
| • Within how many minutes does contrast appear in the pelvic calyceal system | 2-8 min |
| • how many min after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast appear in the kidneys | 15-20 min |
| • The series of radiographs for IVU are done between what times | 3-20 min |
| • Where is the IR centered for all abdominal radiographs for the urinary system | iliac crests |
| • CR angle for AP oblique urinary system | 0 degrees |
| • Which is true regarding positioning of abdomen for lateral urinary system | midcoronal plane centered to grid |
| • Which Decub is used for IVU to show uretopelvic junction | ventral decub |
| • Which is true regarding retrograde urography | ureters must be catheterized, provides little physiological info, contrast injected directly into the pelivcocalyceal system (ALL) |
| • Which technique is used to get contrast into urinary bladder for cystogram | retrograde technique |
| • Which projections for cystogram | AP, AP oblique, and Lat (ALL) |
| • Which size IR and which position is used for urinary bladder cystogram | 24 x 30 cm Lengthwise |
| • Where is the IR centered for AP axial cystogram | 2 in above upper border of symphysis pubis |
| • how much is the body rotated for the AP oblique urinary bladder during cystogram | 40-60 degrees |
| • Which plan centered to grid fro lateral cystogram | midcoronal plane |
| • What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient | AP oblique |
| • Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram | superior border of pubic symphysis |
| • How much is body rotated for AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram | 35-40 degrees |
| • How is the CR positioned to free the bladder neck from sup imp during a female cystourethrogram | 5 degrees caudad |
| • Urinary system includes which | urethra and two kidneys (ONLY) (NOT SUPRRENAL GALNDS) |
| • The 2 kidneys lie | behind the peritoneum |
| • Mucosal folds in the urinary bladder | rugae |
| • Abbreviation for excretory technique of urography | IVU |
| • The radiographic exam of the urethra is called | Cystourethrography |
| • The center of the compression device placed over the lower ureters during IVU is positioned where | level of the ASIS |
| Which projection shows the mobility of kidneys during IVU | AP |
| • Which position is helpful to show the lower ureters | Trendelenburg 15-20 degrees |
| • Which projection places the right kidney perpendicular to the IR | AP oblique RPO |
| • Which is considered an operative exam | retrograde urography |
| • What is the CR angle for AP axial urinary bladder | 10-15 caudad |
| • What is the CR angle for PA axial bladder | 10-15 degrees cephalad |
| • RT may initiate venipuncture with permission of who | physician ONLY |
| • Guidelines from which organizations guarantee RT rights to venipuncture | ASRT, certain agencies, and institution (ALL) |
| • Before venipuncture the tech must check which | allergic reaction to iodine tincture, and adverse reaction to medication (ONLY) (age not necessary to know for venipuncture) |
| • Which is true in regard to venipuncture needles | needles can only be used once (ONLY) |
| • IV meds administered through which system | venous system |
| • Vessels most often used for venipuncture are found where | anterior forearm and posterior hand ONLY (not ulnar wrist) |
| • Antiseptic for skin before venipuncture should remain on skin for | 30 sec |
| • Radius of cleaning for venipuncture | 2 in circle |
| • What type of motion to clean skin for venipuncture | circular |
| • Angle of needle to skin surface for venipuncture | 45 degrees |
| • After needle enters skin the angle is reduced to how many degrees | 15 degrees |
| • When blood or meds leak out it is called | extravasation |
| • A severe reaction to contrast would be called | anaphylactic |
| • A mild reaction to contrast would be | warmth |
| • A moderate reaction to contrast would be | vomiting |
| • Which would indicate contrast has infiltrated | swelling, and burning (ONLY) (not discoloration) |
| • Most common cause of contrast leaking into vessel | needle displacement |
| • Which therapies are applies if contrast infiltrates | apply ice if before 30 min, apply warmth if after 30 min |
Created by:
danniegiirl
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