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Advanced Rudiments
A set of terms for the Royal Conservatory of Music's Advanced Rudiments exam.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a tempo | return to the original tempo |
| accelerando | becoming quicker |
| accent | a stressed note |
| ad libitum | at the liberty of the performer |
| adagio | a slow tempo |
| agitato | agitated |
| alla, all' | in the manner of |
| allargando | broadening, becoming slower |
| allegretto | a little slower than allegro |
| allegro | fast |
| andante | moderately slow; walking pace |
| andantino | a little faster than andante |
| animato | lively, animated |
| arco | played with the bow |
| assai | much, very |
| attacca | proceed without break |
| ben, bene | well |
| bewegt | moving |
| brillante | brilliant |
| cantabile | in a singing style |
| cluster | a chord consisting of at least three adjacent notes of a scale |
| col, coll', colla, colle | with |
| comodo | at a comfortable, easy tempo |
| con | with |
| con brio | with vigour, spirit |
| con espressione | with expression |
| con fuoco | with fire |
| con grazia | with grace |
| con moto | with movement |
| con pedale | with pedal |
| con sordino | with mute |
| crescendo, cresc. | becoming louder |
| da capo, D.C. | from the beginning |
| dal segno, D.S. | from the sign |
| decrescendo, decresc. | becoming softer |
| diminuendo, dim. | becoming softer |
| dolce | sweet, gentle |
| dolente | sad |
| e, ed | and |
| espressivo, espress. | expressive, with expression |
| fermata | a pause; hold the note or rest longer than its written value |
| fine | the end |
| forte | loud |
| fortepiano | loud then suddenly soft |
| fortissimo | very loud |
| giocoso | humorous, jocose |
| grandioso | grand, grandiose |
| grave | slow and solemn |
| grazioso | graceful |
| langsam | slow |
| largamente | broadly |
| larghetto | not as slow as largo |
| largo | very slow |
| legato | smoothly |
| léger | light, lightly |
| leggiero | light |
| lentement | slowly |
| lento | slow |
| l'istesso tempo | the same tempo |
| loco | return to normal register |
| ma | but |
| maestoso | majestic |
| mano destra, M.D. | right hand |
| mano sinistra, M.S. | left hand |
| marcato, marc. | marked or stressed |
| martellato | strongly accented, hammered |
| mässig | moderate, moderately |
| meno | less |
| meno mosso | less movement, slower |
| mesto | sad, mournful |
| mezzo forte | moderately loud |
| mezzo piano | moderately soft |
| mit | with |
| mit Ausdruck | with expression |
| M.M. | Maelzel's metronome |
| moderato | at a moderate tempo |
| modéré | at a moderate tempo |
| molto | much, very |
| morendo | dying, fading away |
| mouvement | tempo, motion |
| non | not |
| non troppo | not too much |
| ottava, 8va | the interval of an octave; play note(s) one octave above the written pitch |
| pedale, ped. | pedal |
| pesante | weighty, with emphasis |
| piano | soft |
| pianissimo | very soft |
| più | more |
| più mosso | more movement (quicker) |
| pizzicato, pizz. | pluck the string instead of bowing |
| poco | little |
| poco a poco | little by little |
| polychord | a combination of two or more different chords |
| presto | very fast |
| prestissimo | as fast as possible |
| primo, prima | first; the upper part of a duet |
| quartal chord | a chord built on a series of 4ths |
| quasi | almost, as if |
| rallentando, rall. | slowing down |
| repeat sign | repeat the music within the double bar lines |
| ritardando, rit. | slowing down gradually |
| ritenuto, riten. | suddenly slower, held back |
| rubato | a flexible tempo using slight variations of speed to enhance musical expression |
| scherzando | playful |
| schnell | fast |
| secondo, seconda | second; second or lower part of a duet |
| sehr | very |
| semplice | simple |
| sempre | always, continuously |
| senza | without |
| 7th chord | a chord consisting of a root, a 3rd, a 5th, and a 7th |
| sforzando | a sudden strong accent of a single note or chord |
| simile | continue in the same manner as has just been indicated |
| slur | connects several notes; play the notes legato |
| sonore | sonorous |
| sostenuto, sost. | sustained |
| sotto voce | soft, subdued, under the breath |
| staccato | sharply detached |
| strepitoso | boisterous, noisy |
| stringendo, string. | pressing, becoming faster |
| subito, sub. | suddenly |
| tacet | be silent |
| tempo | speed at which music is performed |
| tempo primo (tempo I) | return to the original tempo |
| tenuto | held, sustained |
| tie | connects two notes; hold for the combined value of the tied notes |
| tranquillo | quiet, tranquil |
| tre corde | three strings; release the left pedal |
| triad | a chord consisting of a root, a 3rd, and a 5th |
| troppo | too much |
| tutti | a passage for the ensemble |
| una corda | one string; depress the left pedal |
| vite | fast |
| vivace | lively, brisk |
| vivo | lively |
| volta | time |
| volta subito, v.s. | turn the page quickly |
Created by:
sashby
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