Question 1

History: Who studied Pharmacology?

Accepted Answer

Greeks, Romans, Chinese,,
Muslims and other early cultures

Question 2

Synthetic organic chemistry was born in?

Accepted Answer

1828

Question 3

Who was recognized as the founder of modern pharmacology?

Accepted Answer

Oswald Schmiedeberg

Question 4

Testing is done with:

Accepted Answer

animals, humans
(ethical issues)

Question 5

Define Pharmacology

Accepted Answer

Pharmacology derived from prefix pharmaco-
(“drug” or “medicine”)
+ suffix -logy (“study of”)

Question 6

Stedman’s Medical Dictionary definition of drug:

Accepted Answer

“Therapeutic agent; any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment or cure of disease”

Question 7

Others define drug as:

Accepted Answer

chemical substances that affect biologic systems

Question 8

Knowledge off pharmacology imperative in order for dental professionals to perform
important clinical functions such as:

Accepted Answer

• Obtaining health history
• Administering drugs in the office
• Handling emergency situations
• Planning appointments
• Choosing self medication
• Discussing drugs
• Life-long learning

Question 9

What are some sources of pharmacology information?

Accepted Answer

Books, journals, CD-ROMs, Internet, &
Pharmacists

Question 10

Generic name:

Accepted Answer

Only one name; first letter lowercase
ex: lidocaine
For dental drugs, generic provide the equivalent therapuetic results at a cost savings

Question 11

Trade name:

Accepted Answer

More than one name; first letter capitalized
ex: Xylocaine, Octocaine

Question 12

Metric system:

Accepted Answer

Base 10 language of scientific
measurement. 
* Only metric units should be used in prescription writing.* 
Solid drugs by weight.
Liquids by volume.

Question 13

Apothecary system:

Accepted Answer

Cumbersome, does not convert to base 10. Measurements of weight in sands, grains, scruples, ounces, pounds.
Measurements of volume in drams, and ounces.
Still used by some older practitioners.

Question 14

Avoirdupis system:

Accepted Answer

Used in U.S. commerce
(food cans, quarts of milk). 16 oz. in 1 lb.
1 oz. = 30ml metric, I cup (8 oz.) = 240ml

Question 15

Superscription

Accepted Answer

(Patient’s name, address,
age, date and the symbol, Rx [Latin for “recipe” or “take thou” ] )

Question 16

Inscription

Accepted Answer

Name of drug, dose form,
and amount

Question 17

Subscription

Accepted Answer

Directions to the
pharmacist

Question 18

Signature or Transcription

Accepted Answer

Directions to the patient

Question 19

Heading

Accepted Answer

Name, address, phone number of
prescriber on prescription blank; name, address, phone number of patient written in, and date* (*not a legal prescription without date!)

Question 20

Body

Accepted Answer

The symbol, “Rx”; name and dosage size or concentration (for liquids) of given drug; amount
to be dispensed; and directions to the patient.

Question 21

Closing

Accepted Answer

Prescriber’s signature; DEA number, if required; refill instructions

Question 22

Federal law divides controlled substances into:

Accepted Answer

5 schedules according to their abuse potential

Question 23

Any Rx for controlled substance must have a:

Accepted Answer

DEA number

Question 24

All Schedule __ through __ drugs require an Rx

Accepted Answer

II through IV

Question 25

Schedule II specifications:

Accepted Answer

Written in pen or typed, cannot be phoned in; no refills; may require triplicates in some states (triplicates should be locked away)

Question 26

Schedule III and IV may be phoned in to pharmacist and may be refilled no more than:

Accepted Answer

5 times in 6 months

Question 27

DDR

Accepted Answer

Alphabetic by generic drug name
Not bias
Least expensive
Updated every 2 years
Dental implications, brief

Question 28

LCD

Accepted Answer

Alphabetic by generic name
Not bias
Moderately expensive
Updated 1/year; CD 4/year
Dental implications, brief

Question 29

PDR

Accepted Answer

Alphabetic by manufacturer's name; within that list alphabetic by trade name
Bias
Moderately expensive
1/year; 4 year; CD=4/year
Package insert, not often updated, contains selected drugs

Question 30

F&C

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic class
Not bias
Most expensive
1/year; 12/year (paper); CD=4/year
Has many tables; includes most prescription and OTC drugs

Question 31

AHFS

Accepted Answer

Alphabetic by pharmacologic class
Not bias
Expensive
1/year; CD=4 year
Detailed coverage; useful to anser specific questions

Question 32

USP DI

Accepted Answer

Alphabetic by pharmacologic class
Not bias
Expensive
1/year; 12/year; CD=4/year
Extensive list of properties of drugs

Question 33

a.

Accepted Answer

Before

Question 34

a.c.

Accepted Answer

Before meals

Question 35

A.D.

Accepted Answer

Right ear

Question 36

A.L.

Accepted Answer

Left ear

Question 37

b.i.d.

Accepted Answer

Twice a day

Question 38

gtt.

Accepted Answer

Drop

Question 39

h.

Accepted Answer

Hour

Question 40

h.s.

Accepted Answer

Bedtime

Question 41

o.u.

Accepted Answer

Each eye

Question 42

o.d.

Accepted Answer

Right eye

Question 43

o.s.

Accepted Answer

Left eye

Question 44

p.o.

Accepted Answer

By mouth

Question 45

p.c.

Accepted Answer

After meals

Question 46

p.r.

Accepted Answer

By rectum

Question 47

p.r.n.

Accepted Answer

As needed

Question 48

q.d.

Accepted Answer

Once a day

Question 49

q.i.d.

Accepted Answer

Four times a day

Question 50

q.o.d.

Accepted Answer

Every other day

Question 51

q6h

Accepted Answer

Every six hours

Question 52

sl

Accepted Answer

Sublingual

Question 53

Supp.

Accepted Answer

Suppository

Question 54

t.i.d.

Accepted Answer

Three times a day

Question 55

u.d.

Accepted Answer

As directed

DEH 2300 Module 1

Applied Pharm for the DH

Question	Answer
History: Who studied Pharmacology?	Greeks, Romans, Chinese,, Muslims and other early cultures
Synthetic organic chemistry was born in?	1828
Who was recognized as the founder of modern pharmacology?	Oswald Schmiedeberg
Testing is done with:	animals, humans (ethical issues)
Define Pharmacology	Pharmacology derived from prefix pharmaco- (“drug” or “medicine”) + suffix -logy (“study of”)
Stedman’s Medical Dictionary definition of drug:	“Therapeutic agent; any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment or cure of disease”
Others define drug as:	chemical substances that affect biologic systems
Knowledge off pharmacology imperative in order for dental professionals to perform important clinical functions such as:	• Obtaining health history • Administering drugs in the office • Handling emergency situations • Planning appointments • Choosing self medication • Discussing drugs • Life-long learning
What are some sources of pharmacology information?	Books, journals, CD-ROMs, Internet, & Pharmacists
Generic name:	Only one name; first letter lowercase ex: lidocaine For dental drugs, generic provide the equivalent therapuetic results at a cost savings
Trade name:	More than one name; first letter capitalized ex: Xylocaine, Octocaine
Metric system:	Base 10 language of scientific measurement. * Only metric units should be used in prescription writing.* Solid drugs by weight. Liquids by volume.
Apothecary system:	Cumbersome, does not convert to base 10. Measurements of weight in sands, grains, scruples, ounces, pounds. Measurements of volume in drams, and ounces. Still used by some older practitioners.
Avoirdupis system:	Used in U.S. commerce (food cans, quarts of milk). 16 oz. in 1 lb. 1 oz. = 30ml metric, I cup (8 oz.) = 240ml
Superscription	(Patient’s name, address, age, date and the symbol, Rx [Latin for “recipe” or “take thou” ] )
Inscription	Name of drug, dose form, and amount
Subscription	Directions to the pharmacist
Signature or Transcription	Directions to the patient
Heading	Name, address, phone number of prescriber on prescription blank; name, address, phone number of patient written in, and date* (*not a legal prescription without date!)
Body	The symbol, “Rx”; name and dosage size or concentration (for liquids) of given drug; amount to be dispensed; and directions to the patient.
Closing	Prescriber’s signature; DEA number, if required; refill instructions
Federal law divides controlled substances into:	5 schedules according to their abuse potential
Any Rx for controlled substance must have a:	DEA number
All Schedule __ through __ drugs require an Rx	II through IV
Schedule II specifications:	Written in pen or typed, cannot be phoned in; no refills; may require triplicates in some states (triplicates should be locked away)
Schedule III and IV may be phoned in to pharmacist and may be refilled no more than:	5 times in 6 months
DDR	Alphabetic by generic drug name Not bias Least expensive Updated every 2 years Dental implications, brief
LCD	Alphabetic by generic name Not bias Moderately expensive Updated 1/year; CD 4/year Dental implications, brief
PDR	Alphabetic by manufacturer's name; within that list alphabetic by trade name Bias Moderately expensive 1/year; 4 year; CD=4/year Package insert, not often updated, contains selected drugs
F&C	Therapeutic class Not bias Most expensive 1/year; 12/year (paper); CD=4/year Has many tables; includes most prescription and OTC drugs
AHFS	Alphabetic by pharmacologic class Not bias Expensive 1/year; CD=4 year Detailed coverage; useful to anser specific questions
USP DI	Alphabetic by pharmacologic class Not bias Expensive 1/year; 12/year; CD=4/year Extensive list of properties of drugs
a.	Before
a.c.	Before meals
A.D.	Right ear
A.L.	Left ear
b.i.d.	Twice a day
gtt.	Drop
h.	Hour
h.s.	Bedtime
o.u.	Each eye
o.d.	Right eye
o.s.	Left eye
p.o.	By mouth
p.c.	After meals
p.r.	By rectum
p.r.n.	As needed
q.d.	Once a day
q.i.d.	Four times a day
q.o.d.	Every other day
q6h	Every six hours
sl	Sublingual
Supp.	Suppository
t.i.d.	Three times a day
u.d.	As directed

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