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diarrhea/nausea
pharmacology exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is diarrhea? | a symptom of an underlying disorder |
| When a patient has diarrhea the pt is not absorbing? | water from the feces |
| Diarrhea causes an increase in | frequency and fluidity of BM's |
| What are some nursing measures for patients with diarrhea? | can lead to dehydration, acid base disorders, electrolyte imbalances, closely observe children and elderly, assess for blood in stool, assess patient for recent travels, dietary habits, immune system competence, recent drug history |
| what is the most common cause for nausea? | GI infections, food poisoning, stress, nervousness, emotional imbalances, changes in body, extreme pain, migraine, headache, inner ear, pregnancy |
| What are the nursing measures for caring for clients with nausea? | assess fluid and electrolyte, assess for blood in stool, closely observe infants and elderly, drugs can make patients feel nauseated, treatment goal is to remove symptoms, watch for dehydration |
| What foods help with diarrhea? | ABC's (apples, bananas and carrots) |
| What type of diet should you follow if you have diarrhea? | probiotic and pectin (yogurt, apples bananas carrots) bland diet |
| If pt has abdominal pain what do I do? | assess for bowel sounds and peristalsis |
| What are some natural remedies for nausea? | ginger ale, flat soda, crackers, bland foods |
| What is a major side effect of Xenical? | severe GI effects, if patient is not following restricted fat diet |
| Tell patients to seek medical care if diarrhea does not stop within ___ days? | two |
| Seek medical care if this is found in stool? | blood |
| What is lomotil and how does it work? | antidiarrhea, reduces intestinal motility |
| What are common side effects of lomotil? | extreme tiredness, lightheadness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, headache |
| Nursing measures when administering lomotil? | avoid tasks that require alertness, avoid alcohol, report abdominal distension, contact Dr. if fever or diarrhea are present, encourage fluids, monitor bowel |
| What are contraindications for lomotil? | not for use in pts less than 12 yrs old, dehydration, jaundice, narrow angle glaucoma, severe hepatic disease |
| What are drug interactions of lomotil? | alcohol and cns depressents |
| What is paregoric and how is it used? | its an antidiarrheal and used to treat diarrhea |
| Common side effects of paregoric? | lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting |
| Nursing measures for paregoric? | avoid tasks that require alertness, avoid alcohol |
| Contraindications for paregoric? | alcohol, cns, hypersensitivity to morphine, caution with nursing women |
| Drug interactions for paregoric? | narcotics, alcohol and cns depressents |
| What is imodium and how is it used? | slows intestinal motility and prolongs transit time of intestinal contents reducing fecal volume |
| Side effects of imodium? | dry mouth, tiredness, abdominal discomfort, allergic reaction |
| Nursing measures with imodium? | do not administer in presence of bloody stool or temp greater than 101, encourage fluids, assess bowel sounds, do not exceed prescribed dose, avoid alcohol, notify dr. if pain, fever or abd distension |
| Contraindications with imodium? | acute ulcerative colitis |
| Drug interactions with imodium | narcotics may increase risk of constipation |
| What is kaopectate and pepto-bismol and how are they used? | diarrhea prevention, helps treat h. pylori associated with PUD |
| common side effects of pepto-bismol? | grayish, black stool, constipation |
| Nursing measures with pepto? | encourage fluids, assess bowel sounds, stool may be grey/black, chew tablets all the way before swallowing |
| Contraindications with pepto? | bleeding ulcers, hemophilia, hemorrhagic states, renal impairment |
| Drug interactions with pepto? | anticoagulants, heparin, aspirin and tetracyclines |
| What is Xenical and how is it used? | gastric/pancreatic inhibitor, inhibits absorption of dietary fats by inactivating gastric/pancreatic enzymes |
| side effects of xenical? | headache, abd discomfort, flatulence, fecal urgency, fatty oily stools |
| nursing measures with xenical? | monitor serum cholesterol, LDL and glucose, maintain balanced caloric diet, daily intake of protein, carbs and fat to be evenly distributed |
| Contraindications with xenical? | cholestasis, chronic malabsorption syndrome |
| Drug interactions with Xenical? | provastatin |
| What is Vitamin D used for? | stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption from small intestine |
| common side effects of vitamin d? | nausea, constipation, stiffness, weakness, weight loss |
| nursing measures with vitamin d? | therapy lowest dose possible, encourage foods rich in vitamin d, do not take mineral oil with vit d, no magnesium antacids if renal dialysis, monitor labs |
| contraindications with vitamin d? | toxic effect of hypercalcemia |
| drug interactions with vit d | aluminum containing antacids |
Created by:
bkgrota
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