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constipation/laxitiv
pharmacology exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is constipation? | it is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying disorder |
| What is the etiology of constipation? | too much water being absorbed leading to small hard stools |
| What measures can nurses take to prevent constipation? | assess for abdominal distension, bowel sounds and bowel patterns |
| What must be present in order to have laxative therapy? | peristalsis |
| What patients are at risk for developing constipation? | pts who lack exercise, insufficient food intake (dietary fiber), decreased fluid intake, meds; opoids, iron supplements, anticholergenics and antihistamines |
| What is the prototype drug for bulk forming laxative? | metamucil |
| How does a bulk forming laxative (metamucil) work? | absorbs water, thus adding size to fecal mass. promotes peristalsis and bowel motility |
| What are the most common side effects with bulk forming laxatives (metamucil)? | abdominal discomfort, nausea, mild cramping, faintness |
| What are some nursing considerations when administering bulk forming metamucil? | administer at least 2 hours before or after all meds, follow with 8 oz water, assess for bowel sounds and patterns, increase fluid intake, fiber intake and exercise |
| What drug interactions exist with bulk forming metamucil? | digoxin, oral anticoagulants, potassium sparring diuretics |
| What is the prototype drug for stool softeners? | Colace |
| How does colace, stool softener work? | causes more water and fat to be absorbed into the stools, increases infiltration of liquid to for softer stools |
| What are the side effects of colace stool softner? | mild GI cramping, throat irritation, rash |
| Nursing considerations when administering colace, stool softener? | do not use longer than 1 week, encourage fluids, assess and monitor bowel, increase exercise and high fiber diet |
| What are the contraindications when using colace stool softener? | acute abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, nausea vomiting |
| Drug interactions with stool softener, colcace | danthron and mineral oil |
| What is the prototype drug for stimulant laxative? | ducolax |
| How does the stimulant ducolax work? | promotes peristalsis by irritating the bowel mucosa, promotes fluid and iron accumulation in colon |
| What are the side effects of the stimulant ducolax? | abdominal discomfort, nausea, mild cramping, faintness |
| Nursing considerations for administering stimulant ducolax? | give on empty stomach, do NOT take with antacids, or within 1 hour of other meds, increase fluid, exercise and fiber, monitor and assess bowel |
| What are contraindications for using ducolax stimulant? | abdominal pain, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, nausea, undiagnosed rectal bleeding, vomiting |
| Drug interactions with stimulant, ducolax? | andacids and -dine drugs |
| What is the prototype drug for saline and osmotic laxatives? | milk of magnesia |
| How does saline milk of magnesia work? | not absorbed into intestine, pulls water into fecal mass to create more watery stool, promotes bowel evacuation |
| When is saline milk of magnesia used? | before colonoscopy, or surgery |
| What are side effects of saline milk of magnesia? | chalky taste, cramping, diarrhea, increased thirst, flatulence |
| What are nursing considerations when giving saline milk of magnesia? | give two hours apart from other meds, do not take longer than two weeks, drink with full glass of water, monitor and assess bowel sounds |
| What are the contraindications with saline milk of magnesia? | appendicitis, CHF, colostomy, hypersensitivity, intestinal obstruction, undiagnosed rectal bleeding |
| Drug interactions with saline milk of magnesia? | yes, antacids |
| What is the prototype drug for herbal laxatives? | senna |
| How does senna work? | GI stimulant, increases peristalsis and promotes laxative effect |
| What are the side effects of senna? | pink, red, violet, yellow brown urine |
| What are the nursing considerations when administering senna? | give on empty stomach, encourage fluids, avoid giving within 1 hour of other meds, assess bowel sounds, generally will produce in 6-12 hours but may take as long as 24 hours |
| What are the contraindications when using senna? | abdominal pain, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, nausea, vomiting |
| drug interactions with senna? | oral meds, may decrease transit time decreasing senna absorption |
Created by:
bkgrota
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