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Pharm - Gastrointest
Antacids, Laxatives, Antiemetics and Emetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antacid mechanism of action | low doses stimulate gastric mucosal defense mechanisms; also thought to provide barrier between HCL and stomach |
| Drug effects of Antacids | protect GI system |
| Therapeutic uses of Antacids | treat symptoms associated with PUD |
| Routes for Antacids | Oral - OTC, chewables, capsules, powders, tablets |
| Systemic drug ordered for antacids | Sodium Bicarbonate |
| What can result from taking too much Sodium bicarbonate? | System Alkalosis |
| Non-Systemic Drugs - Antacids | Malox, Milk of Mg, Mylanta, Tums |
| Tums | Calcium |
| Milk of Mg | Mg |
| Mylanta | Ca and aluminum |
| Malox | Aluminum |
| H2 Antagonists mechanisms of action | block H2 histamine receptors |
| OTC H2 Antagonist | Tagamet |
| Drug effect of H2 Antagonist | reduce acid secretion |
| Therapeutic uses of H2 Antagonist | Gerd, PUD, control UGI bleeding |
| Routes of H2 Antagonists | IV, IM, oral with meals, OTC in low doses |
| Nursing Implications for Antacids and H2 Antagonists | Do not take with other meds, 1-2 hours before or after meals, chew thoroughly, shake liquids |
| General action of bulk forming laxative | 1-3 days to be effective; absorb water in the intestine to increase bulk and distend bowel. Initiates bowel reflux activity |
| General action of emollients | 1-3 days to work; decreases surface tension of GI tract; more water and fat are absorbed in the stool. |
| General action of lubricant laxatives | 6-8 hrs for effects; lubricates fecal matter and intestinal walls. Prevents reabsorption of water. |
| Mineral Oil | Lubricant Laxative |
| Colace | Emollient Laxative |
| Hyperosmotic Laxative | Increases fecal water content |
| Saline (MOM) | 1-3 hours; inhibits water reabsorption, causing the stool to stay soft |
| Stimulant | Increases peristalsis waves via nerve stimulation in the colon |
| Nursing Implications for Laxatives/Cathartics | Habit forming, look at dietary choices, increase fiber, increase water, exercise, do not take if N/V or abdominal pain occurs. |
| Antiemetic mechanism of action | Block receptors that stimulate vommiting |
| Antiemetic Therapeutic uses | May be used prior to onset of nausea (chemo pts) |
| Antiemetic Routes | Transdermal, Suppository, Oral |
| Scopolamine | TD patch needs to be on 3-4 hours before event; antiemetic |
| Antivert | Antivertigo medication |
Created by:
lmmerecki
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