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Pharm - CNS/insulin

Insulin, Analgesic, Hypnotic/Sedative

QuestionAnswer
Humalog Rapid acting insulin
Rapid Acting Insulin: Onset, Peak, Duration Onset - 15 minutes Peak 1-2 hours Duration 3-5 hours
Regular Insulin: Onset, Peak, Duration Onset - 30-60 minutes Peak - 2.5 hr Duration - 6 - 10 hrs
Regular Insulin is the only insulin that can be given IV
Humumlin, N-Lente Intermediate Insulin
Intermediate Insulin Onset - 1-2 hr Peak - 4-8 hr Duration - 10-18 hr
Why is Intermediate and Long-Acting Insulin couldy Because it has a precipitate (usually Zinc)
Long Acting Insulin - Onset, Peak Duration Onset - 4-8 hrs Peak - 10-30 hrs Duration - 36 hrs
Protamine-zinc or Ultralente Long acting insulin
Nursing Implications for Insulin pts Check expiration date, store in cool place, cloudy suspensions need to be rolled, use an insulin syringe, rotate sites and document sites, usually administered before breakfast, use a sliding scale if directed to, hold if NPO, must be checked by 2 RNs
Check for insulin reaction when? At the peak of the insulin
How many units of insulin equals 1mg? 100
Signs/Symptoms of hypoglycemic reaction Occurs rapidly, hunger, irritability, sweaty, muscle weakness
To treat hypoglycemia, give client what? Simple carb or Glucagon Tab. In an acute care center, 20-50ml of 50% glucose IV
Causes of a hypoglycemic reaction Too much insulin given, exercise or deficit of carbs
Hgl A1C Hemoglobin A1C tests sugar over past 3 months
Serum Glucose Level Fasting glucose level
Post Prandial Test pregnancy screening test
Glucose Tolerance Test 3 hr test measuring fasting sugar and then eat and remeasure
Signs and Symptoms of a hyperglycemic reaction fruity odor to breath, infection, signs of dehydration, thirst, dry skin, flushed face, Kussmall's resprs (deep and fast)
How do most Type 1 Diabetics get diagnosed? Diabetic Ketoacidosis/Coma
Possible causes of a hyperglycemic reaction Dietary excess, too little insulin, decreased exercise/activity, emotional stress
Describe the general action of oral hypoglycemic drugs stimulate beta cells of pancreas to produce more insulin
Differentiate between actions of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin Oral drugs stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin; Insulin injections are replacement therapy.
Diabetes complex disorder of carb, fat and protein metabolism caused by a decrease in insulin.
pain unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential pain
Pain Threshold Physiological response; level of stimulus needed to produce perception of pain
Pain Tolerance Emotional response; Amount of pain a person can endure without interfering with normal function
Identify most commonly ordered analgesics Morphine, Demerol, Codeine
Morphine and Demerol Acute pain, decrease GI activity, decreased resprs
Codeine Antitussive, used for moderate pain
Nursing implications for pts using analgesics Addiction, rash, histamine cough, GI upsets, N/V, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, resprs depressed
Acetominiphen Tylenol; antipyretic,anti-inflammatory
Tramadol mild analgesic, alters pain perception, mod-mod/severe pain.
Ibuprofen Motrin; relieves pain, HA, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
Acetylsalicylic Acid Aspirin; can cause Rhye syndrome in children, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
Sedative calms
Hypnotic Sleep
Too much of a sedative can cause what? the sedative to act as a hypnotic
Barbituates habit forming, narrow therapeutic window
Benzodiazepines Dalmane; more commonly used than barbituates, safer
Phenobarbital long acting barbituate used to treat seizures
Created by: lmmerecki
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