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other systems 4
Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upper Gastrointestinal System | Mouth: Esophagus: Stomach: |
| Mouth: | Initiation of mechanical and chemical digestion |
| Esophagus: | Transports food from mouth to stomach |
| Stomach: | Grinding of food; |
| Stomach | secretion of hydrochloric acid and other exocrine functions; |
| Stomach | secretion of hormones that release digestive enzymes from the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder to assist with digestion |
| Lower Gastrointestinal System | Duodenum, Jejunum Ileum, Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anus |
| Duodenum: | neutralizes acid in food from stomach and mixes pancreatic and biliary secretions with food |
| Jejunum: | absorbs water, electrolytes, and nutrients |
| Ileum: | absorbs bile and intrinsic factors to be recycled |
| Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anus: | continues to absorb water and electrolytes; |
| Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anus | stores and eliminates undigested food as feces |
| Gland Organs | Gall bladder Liver Pancreas |
| Gall bladder: | stores and releases bile into the duodenum to assist with digestion |
| Liver: | Bile is produced and is necessary for absorption of lipid soluble substances; |
| Liver | assists with red blood cell and vitamin K production; |
| Liver | regulates serum level of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
| Pancreas: | Exocrine-secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into duodenum; |
| Pancreas | Endocrine-secretes insulin, glucagon, and other hormones into the blood to regulate serum glucose level |