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Kinesiology 2 LE
Prime muscle movers, nerve innervations, Dermatomes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What muscles does the Deep Peroneal Nerve innervate? | Extensor digitorum Longus and Brevis Extensor Hallucis Longus-DF+extends great toe Tibialis Anterior- DF+inversion |
| What action and nerve for the Peroneus Tertius? | Deep Peroneal nerve and DF+eversion(I-head of 5th MT) |
| What muscles does the Superficial Peroneal Nerve innervate? | Peroneus longus and Brevis-DF+eversion The Peroneal Tubercle seperates the 2 muscles! |
| Tibial Nerve, what muscles? | Posterior Tibia- PF+inversion Gastro+Soleus,Plantris- PF+knee flexion Flexor Dig + Hallicis Longus-(PF+inversion) Popliteus-Knee flextion(unlocks knee) |
| What prime muscle(s) do knee extension? What Nerve? | Femoral Nerve Quads-knee extension and hip flexion |
| What MMT Verterbrae level is knee extension? | L3 and L4 |
| What prime muscle(s) do knee flexion? What nerve innervate? | Hamstrings-L5 S1 S2 Sciatic Nerve (biceps fem short head comon peroneal) Popliteus-tib nerve Gastroc-Tib Nerve |
| What Nerve wraps around the Fibular head? If damage to that Nerve, what would you see?(what would happen?) | Common Peroneal Nerve Damaged-foot drop |
| What is Pes Cavus? | Abnormal high foot arch |
| What is Pes Planus? | Flat feet |
| What does Valgus mean? | Distal end away from midline, knee tended to knock"Knocked knees" |
| Hallux Valgus(Valgrum) | Lateral deviation of the phalanx, great toe. Usually Bunion is the cause, lateral bunion. |
| Normal Foot position to observe | Slight Plantar flextion and inversion Dorsum(top) of foot is domed shaped. Abnormal- Spastic flat feet, Dorsiflexion and eversion. )obvserve pt seated first!) |
| PROM for DF, PF, inversion, eversion, adduction and abduction of the footankle. | DF-20 degrees PF-50 Forefoot add-20/abd-10 1st MT joint-flexion 45 extension-70-90degrees |
| Dorsi-Flexors muscles | Prime mover-Anterior Tibialis(+inversion) Assits-Extensor hallucis+digit longus, Peroneus Tertius(+everison+Deep Peroneal nerve) |
| Plantar-Flexors muscles | Prime movers-Gastroc+Soleus Assits-Tib posterior, Flexor Dig+hallucis longus,and Peroneal Longus and Brevis |
| What makes up the Popiteal Fossa? | Superiorly-Biceps Fem tendon, Semimemb, Semitend. Inferior border-the TWO heads of the Gastroc. Tibial nere and Common Peroneal nerves, popliteal artery are here. BAKERS Cysts are here also! |
| What is the ATFL? | Anterior Talo-Fibular Ligament, or ATFL for short. This is the ligament that is most commonly torn in ankle sprains. |
| What and where is the Deltoid Ligament of the foot/ankle? | Collateral lig, medial side-triangular shaped. Strengthens medial side of ankle. strongest ligament in body,it is commonly torn. |
| Planar Aponeurosis | plantar fascia, increaes stablity during weight bearing. Over pronation-ligs lengthen and OUCH=Plantar fisciitis! |
| What is Intrinsic muscles? | both attachments distal to ankle joint, or muscles attachments are below ankle line. Originate on the tarsal bones! |
| What is Extrinsic? | attachments are above ankle joint. Originate on the leg! |
| Where is the ATFL | sits in sinus torsi->the groove lateraly on dorsum. Extensor Digitior Brevis sits. Checks-inversion(Anterior Drawer test) |
| What makes up the Hind foot? | Talus and Calcaneus |
| What makes up the midfoot? | cuboid, 3 cuneform,and navicular (pronantion here) |
| What makes up the forefoot | MT and phalanges. Adduction ans abduction here during inversion and eversion) |
| What motions do Pronaton of the ankle/foot? | DF, eversion, and abduction |
| What is the Talocrural? | ANKLE JOINT! Tib,Fib,Talus Uniaxial(hinge) joint, AKA Mortise joint and Tenon joint does PF&DF Most injured joint in body |
| Where on the plantar surface do we bear weight? | 1st MT, 5th MT, and Calcaneus (like a triangle) |
| What is the keystone bone in the Medial longitudinal arch of the foot? | the TALUS! bc it accepts the weight from the Tibia(mid-stance during gait) |
| What is the keystone bone in the Transverse arch of the foot? | 2nd Cuneiform. 1st Cunei, 2nd Cunei, 3rd Cunei, the Cuboid, |
| Styloid Process of the foot | on 5th MT(laterally) Peroneus Brevis attachment. Joneus fracture-HERE |
| What is the largest joint in the body? | Knee joint! Synovial hinge joint Rotation occurs bc medial condyle has 1/2 inch mor surface than the lateral condyle. |
| LCL inserts on Fibula | Fibual is NOT part of the knee joint |
| Cruciate Ligs | ACL and PCL Provide stability in the Sagittal plane are w/in the jiont capsule |
| ACL | Tight during extension of knee. Holds tibia from shifting foward *common injury Anterior Cruciate Lig Injured w Extension and Rotation PF and rotate=POP! |
| PCL | Posterior Cruciate Lig *not commonly injured Tightens during knee flexion Injured w Kne flexed |
| Collateral ligs | MCL, LCL Provide stability in Frontal plane |
| MCL | Medial Collateral lig Flat broad fibers Medial meniscus attach here(so MCL tear=MM tear) |
| LCL | Lateral Collateral lig Thin and cord like. Attaches 2 Fib head |
| How many Bursa's at the knee are there? | 13 |
| What is Pes Anerine? | "Goose foot" Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinous. Medial support to the knee Runs right nar MCL when standing |
| Describe the Screw Home Mechanism | Femur condyles surface are greater than the Tibial condyles. Flex to extension=Femur GLIDES posteriorly on Tib, as Tib rolls into extension. During last 20 degrees of WB extension-Femur SPINS medially o Tibia. roll,gliding posteriorly, spins med. |
| Screw Home Mechanism in W/B position | Femur rotates medially on Tibia as knee moves into last 20 degrees of extension. Rolling&gliding (post) and rotates medially |
| Screw Home Mechanism in Non- W/B position | Tib rotates laterally on Femur, the last few degrees lock the knee into extension. THIS is the Screw home Mechanism! |
| Foot/Ankle Deltoid Lig | Tendernes/pain=tear from eversion ankle sprain. Posteriorly to the Medial malleolus. With in the dep depression. TOM-Tibialis posterior tendon-invert+PF DICK-Flexor Digit longus tendon-flex toes AN-post tib artery, tib nerve HARRY- Flexor hall longu |
| Terible Triad AKA Un-happy trio | ACL, MCL, MM |
| Equinis(equinus) Foot | (horse's ft) Hindfoot is fixed in PF. |
| Steppage | ft and toes are lifted through hip and knees. Flexio to excessive heights. Foot will slap. DF weakness, decreased control. |
| What causes Flat back | abnormal decrease in Lumbar curve. Post pelvic tilt Lordosis decreasion in lumbar reg. |
| Angle of Torsion | Angle is transverse plane 15-25 degrees |
| Tibialis Anterior Muscle, if weak what nerve and sign? | Deep Peroneal nerve-DF and INverts ankle. Damage? Foot drop. Ecenticly lowers the foot into PF, just after heel strike. |
| Lateral lig of ankle | 95% of ankle sprains are here 3 parts |
| Ligs of the lateral ankle/foot jobs | ATF-check inversion Post Talofibular- checks DF Calcaneofibular-checks inversion |
| How many tarsals are there in the foot? MT's? | 7-tarsals-calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiorms. MT-5 Phalanges-5 |
| Spring lig, what is its job? | to support the medial longitu. arch. IMPORTANT located medially, calcanus to he navicular. |
| Miserable misalignment syndrome | |
| High ankle sprains, where does injury occur? | at inferior Tib/fib joint. Bones separate(dastasis). PAINFUL! 3x-longer rehab time. |
| Lateral Malleolus | High Rate of FX. Eversion ankle sprain. Ususally Medial malleolus is injured also. |
| Susentaculum Tali, where and what lig attaches? | Medially, on the calcaneus. A bumb where Spring lig attaches. |
| Pes planus boney land marks on foot | Head of Talus-prominent Navicular tubercle, irritation if to prominent |
| What is another name for the Talocrural joint? | aka ankle joint is also called: Mortise joint and tenon joint |
| Causes of Foot drop | compartment syndrome, muscular dystrophy,CNS diseases(ALS),MS, stroke, nerve damage of diabetes, hip/knee surgery, Pressure 2 Peroneal nerve (crossing legs can temp do this). May cause steppage gait, Floot slapping, |
| How many joints does the great toe have and what are they? | only 2! MTP-metatarsophalangeal joint. IP-interphalangeal joint all lessers toes have 3 joints. |
| Where and what are the 3 joints of the toes? | MTP,PIP-proximal interphalangeal, DIP distal interphalangeal. |
Created by:
Nicolercronin11
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