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Chapters 13 & 14
psych 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pressure | A stressful condition that occurs when a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations. |
| stressor | A specific condition or event in the environment that challenges or threatens a person. |
| Primary appraisal | Deciding if a cituation is relevent to oneself and if it is a threat |
| Secondary appraisal | Deciding how to cope with a threat or challenge |
| Stress | The mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment |
| Psychonuroimmunology | study of the links among behavior, stress, disease, and the immune system |
| General adaption syndrome (Selye) | A serious of bodily reactions to prolonged stress; occurs in 3 stages: Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
| Emotion focused coping | Managing or controlling ones emotional reaction to a stressful or threatening situation |
| Problem focused coping | Directly managing or remedying a stressful or threatening situation |
| Frustration | A negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal |
| Aggression | Any responce made with the intent of causing harm |
| Displaced agression | redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of ones frustration |
| Conflict | A stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between incompatible or contradictory alternatives |
| Approach-Approach conflict | Choosing between two positive, or desirable alternatives |
| Approach-Avoidance conflict | Being attracted to and repelled by the same goal or activity |
| Avoidance-Avoidance conflict | Choosing between two negative, undesirable alternatives |
| Double approach avoidance conflict | Being stimultaneously attracted to and repelled by each of the alternatives |
| Multiple approach avoidance conflict | Being stimulataneously attracted to and repelled by each of several alternatives |
| Eustress | A stressful situation that has a positive note |
| Ambivalence | Mixed positive and negative feelings or simultaneous attraction and repulsion |
| Defence mechanism | A habitual and often unconsious psychological process used to reduce anxiety |
| Denial | Protecting oneself from an unpleasent reality by refusing to accept it or believe it |
| Repression | Forcing unwanted thoughts into your unconscious mind |
| Reaction formation | Preventing dangerious impulses from being expressed in behavior by exaggerating oppisite behavior |
| Regression | Retreatin to an earlier level of development or to earlier, less demanding habits or situations |
| Projection | Attributing ones own feelings, short coming or unacceptable impulses to others |
| Rationalization | Justifying your behavior by giving reasonable and "rational". but false, reasons for it. |
| Compensation | Counteracting a real or imagined weakness by emphasizing desirable traits or seeking to exel in the area of weakness or in other areas |
| Sublimation | working off unmet desires or unacceptable impulses, in activities that are constructive |
| Psychosomatic disorders | illnesses in which psychological factors contribute to bodily damage or to damaging changes in bodily functioning |
| Hyprochondriases | A person who complains about illnesses that appear to be imaginary |
| Social readjustment ratng scale (SRRS) | A scale that rates the impact or various life events on the likelihood of illness |
| Psychopathology | The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders |
| Maladaptive behavior | Behavior that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day to day life |
| Insanity | A legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage ones affairs or to be aware of the consequences of ones action |
| Psychotic disorders | A severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions and by social withdrawl |
| Delusions | A false belief held against all contrary evidence |
| Delusional disorders | A psychosis marked by severe delusions of grandeur, jealousy, persecution or similar preoccupations |
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | Depression that occurs only during fall and winter; presumably related to decreased exposure to sunlight |
| Dysthymic disorder | moderate depression that persists for 2 years or more. |
| Cyclothymic disorder | moderate manic and depressive behavior that persists for 2 years or more |
| Hallucination | An imaginary sensation, such as seeing, hearing or smelling things that don't exist in the real world. |
| Anxiety | Apprehension, dread or uneasiness similar to fear but based on an unclear threat |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | A chronic state of tension and worries about work, relationship, ability or impending disorder. |
| Agoraphobia | Is an intence fear that a panic attack will occur in a public place or unfamiliar situation. |
| Munchausen syndrome | An affected person fakes his or her own medical problems in order to gain attention |
| Stress disorder | A significant emotional disturbance caused by stresses outside the range of normal human experience |
| Social Phobia | An intense, irrational fear of being observed, evaluated, embarresed, or humiliated by others in social situations. |
| Specific Phobia | A intense, irrational fear of specific objects, activities or situations |
| Obessive compulsive disorder (OCD) | An extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behavior |
| Alarm stage (1st Stage) | First stage of (GAS) during which bodily resources are mobilized to cope with a stressor |
| Stage of resistance (2nd Stage) | Second sage of (GAS) during which bodily adjustments to stress stabilize, but at a high physical cost |
| Stage of exhaustion (3rd Stage) | Third stage of (GAS), at which time the bodies resources are exhausted and serious health consequences occur |
| Sublimation | Working off unmet desires or unacceptable impulses, in activities that are constructive |
| Behavioral Risk Factors | Behaviors that increase the chances of disease, injury or premature death. |
| Health Promoting Behaviors | Removing specific risk factors from your life and increase behaviors that increase good health |
| Psychotic disorders | a severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions and by social withdrawl. (Psychological disorders) |
| Mood disorders | A major disturbance in mood or emotion, such as depression or mania. (Psychological Disorders) |
| Anxiety Disorder | Disruptivefeelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety, or distortions in behavior that are anxiety related. (psychological Disorders) |
| Bipolar I disorder | A mood disorder in which a person has episodes of mania. And also periods of deep depression. |
| Bipolar II disorder | A mood disorder in which a person is mostly depressed. But also had one or more episodes of mild mania. |
| Depressive disorders | Emotional disorders primarily involving sadness, desperondency, and depression. |
| Undifferentiated schizophrenia | Schizophrenia lacking the specific features of catatonic, disorganized, or paranoid types. |
| Paranoid schizophrenia | Schizophrenia marked by a preoccupation with delusions or by frequent auditery hallucinations related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution. |
| Catatonic Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia marked by stupor, rigidity, unresponsiveness, posturing, purposeless behavior. |
| Disorganized Scizophrenia | Schizophrenia marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat or grossly imapropriate emotions. |
| Schizophrenia | A psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and "split" between throught and emotion. |
| Delusions of reference | Which people give great personal meaning to unrelated events. (Delusions) |
| Delusions of persecution | Which people believe that others are "out to get them" (Delusions) |
| Delusions of influence | Which people feel they are being controlled or influenced by others or by unseen forces. (Delusions) |
| Delusions of grandeur | Which people think they are extremely important. (Delusions) |
| Somatic Delusions | believing your body is "rotting away" or that it is emitting foul odors. (Delusions) |
| Depressive Delusions | In which people feel that they have commited horrible crimes or sinful deeds. (Delusions) |
| Substance-related disorder | Abuse of or dependence on a mood or behavior altering drug. (Psychological disorder) |
| Dissociative disorder | Temorary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization. (Psychological disorder) |
| Personality disorder | A maladaptive personality pattern. (Psychological disorder) |
| Sexual and gender identity disorder | Any of a wide range of difficulties with sexual identity, deviant sexual behavior, or sexual adjustment. (Psychological Disorder) |
| Samatoform disorder | Physical symtoms that mimic disease or injury for which there is no identifiable physical cause. (Phychopathology disorder) |
| Anxiety disorder | Disruptive feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety, or distertions in behavior that are anxiety related. (Psychological disorder) |
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socalmacd
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