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Med Term - Last few
A brief review of the last few sections for med term at IC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| crin/o | to secrete |
| Endocrine System | System of glands throughout the body that directly release chemicals directly into the blood stream (ductless) |
| Types of Endocrine Glands | -Pituitary Gland -Thyroid Gland -Adrenal Glands -Pancreas |
| Pituitary Gland | Master gland (regulates all other endocrine glands) |
| Pituitary Gland Hormones | Anterior -Somatotropin -Gonadotrophic Hormone Posterior -Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) |
| Somatotropin | Growth Hormone -released during childhood/puberty |
| Hypersecretion of Somatotropin (Before Puberty) | Results in Gigantism -caused by an Adenoma |
| Hypersecretion of Somatotropin (After Puberty) | Results in Acromegaly (enlarged extremities) -hyper pituitarism |
| Hyposecretion of Somatotropin | Results in Dwarfism -congenital |
| Achondroplastic dwarf | Premature closure of epiphyseal plate (causing short, thick arms & legs) -early ossification -lordosis -pretruding forehead |
| Gonadotrophic Hormones | Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) -stimulates growth of ovaries & testes |
| ADH | Anti-diuretic Hormone -Stimulate reabsorption of H2O via kidney tubules; keeps us hydrated |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Great deal of H2O is dilute -polyuria -polydypsia |
| Oxytoxin | Helps stimulate labor, contractions & milk production |
| Thyr/o, Thyroid/o | Thyroid Gland (needs Iodine to work properly) -largest gland (located below the larynx) -regulates heat & NRG -maintains metabolism |
| Thyromegaly | AKA Goiter -Iodine deficiency |
| Hyperthyroidism | Excessive production of the thyroid gland -hot flashes |
| Grave's Disease | a cause of hyperthyroidism |
| Exophthalmos | Cause of hyperthyroidism -Bulging eyeballs |
| Thyrotoxicosis | Cause by hyperthyroidism -thyroid becomes toxic to itself |
| Thyroid Storm | Severe hyperthyroidism -hyperpyrexia, respiratory distress, coma |
| Hypothyroidism | Lack of production of the thyroid gland |
| Myxedema | Swelling of mucus due to hypothyroidism -dry, puffy skin due to mucus collect under skin |
| Cretinism | -Common in children -Lack normal men. & phys. capacity |
| Adrenal Glands | Suprarenal -secretes Epinephrine, Androgens, & Estrogens |
| Epinephrine | AKA Adrenaline -Fight or Flight -^HR, ^BP, ^constriction, dilate bronchi |
| Norepinephrine | Drug released to counter act epinephrine |
| Androgens | Hormone that increases Male secondary sex characteristics |
| Virilism | Excessive masculine characteristics (caused by tumor) -Amenorrhea, hair growth, deep voice |
| Hirsutism | Excessive hair (M & F) |
| Estrogen | Hormone that increases Female secondary sex characteristics |
| Pancreas | Produces Insulin, Glucagon, & Somatostatin |
| Insulin | helps to metabolize sugars |
| Glucagon | ^ blood sugar, produces enzymes to break down fat |
| Diabetes Mellitus | -lacks insulin for carb. & sugar metabolism -prevent sugar from exiting blood |
| Type I Diabetes Mellitus | Insulin dep. -Insulin deficient -needs insulin injections |
| Type II Diabetes Mellitus | Insulin Ind. -too much sugar -can be controlled by diet/loss of weight |
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | Diabetes during pregnancy -goes away after delivery |
| Primary Complications of Diabetes Mellitus | 1. Hyperglycemia 2. Hypoglycemia 3. Ketoacidosis 4. Glycouria |
| Secondary Complications of Diabetes Mellitus | 1. Diabetic Retinopathy 2. Diabetic Nephropathy 3. Diabetic Neuropathy 4. Atherosclerosis |
| NPH | Neutral Protamine Hadedrom Insulin -trade name for insulin |
| ADA | American Diabetic Association |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test -checks blood/urine for glucose |
| TFT | Thyroid Function Tests -blood test: looking at T3-T4 lvls |
| Radioactive Iodine Uptake | Oral, low does, radioactive Iodine intake |
| Thyroid Scan | Look at radioactive compounds administered in thyroid, uptake in thyroid -Ultra sound: size, shape, nodules |
| derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o, cut/o | Skin |
| Function of the skin | 1. Protection- water loss, heat, invasion 2. Sensory- pain, temp, pressure, touch 3. Thermoregulation - sweat glands |
| Layers of the skin | 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous Tissue |
| Epidermis | First layer of the skin 1. Stratum corneum (most superficial) 2. basal layer (deepest layer) |
| Melanocytes | Helps to determine pigment of skin (more melanocytes->darker skin) |
| Albino | -No melanocytes; born (partial or total) -extremely clear skin -prone to skin cancer -photophobia (fear of natural light) |
| Melanoma | Malignant neoplastin that starts out in melanocyte Look at: a. Assymetric b. Border (Irregular) c. Color d. Diameter |
| Dermis | Contains fibrous CT, blood vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, hair, sweat glands |
| Subcutaneous | Area of fat formation -Lip/o -Adip/o |
| Accessory structures of the skin | -Hair -Nails -Sweat glands -Cutaneous Lesions -Symptoms -Abnormal conditions |
| trich/o, pil/o | Hair |
| Pilomotor reflex | Erection of Hair (due to color, emotion, skin irritation) |
| Alopecia | Hair loss |
| Onych/o, Ungu/o | Nails |
| Onychogryposis | Thickened, curved over fingers & toe nail ex. elder abuse & elder neglect |
| Onychophagia onychophagist | Biting your nails |
| Subungual Hematoma | Bruise/blood clot beneath nail due to trauma |
| Onychoclasis | Nails break |
| Onychotomy | Cutting Nails |
| Sweat Glands | Tiny coiled tubules/glands pores=sweat glands 1. Apocrine 2. Eccrine 3. Sebaceous |
| Apocrine | Sweat glands -large in size, auxillary |
| Eccrine | Sweat Gland -smaller, helps dissipate hair found in palms of hand, soles of feet |
| Hidr/o | Sweat |
| Sebaceous Glands | Oil glands; produce sebum |
| Comedo | Blackheads |
| Acne | zits, pus |
| Lesions | Area of damaged tissue caused by disease/trauma |
| Cutaneous Lesions | -Cyst -Fissure -Macule -Papule -Polyp -Pustule -Ulcer -Vesicle -Wheal -Bullae |
| Cyst lesion | filled/semi solid thick walled bump |
| Fissure lesion | deep slit, groove |
| Macule lesion | discoloration ex. freckle |
| Papule lesion | small elevation of skin |
| Polyp lesion | benign growth extending from the unctuous membrane surface |
| Pustule lesion | pus-filled sac/lesion |
| Ulcer lesion | Open sore on skin/mucus membrane (eating away) |
| Vesicle lesion | clear-fluid filled (elevation of skin); blister |
| Wheal | smooth, slight elevated, edema ex. mosquito bite, hives |
| Bullae lesion | Large vesicle (boil) |
| Symptoms | -Ecchymosis -Petechia -Pruritus -Purpura -Urticaria -Vitiligo |
| Ecchymosis | Bruise |
| Petechia | Small, pinpoint hemorrhaging |
| Pruritus | Itchy/Itching |
| Purpura | Merging of Ecchymosis & Petechia |
| Urticaria | Acute allergic reaction; arising of wheals |
| Vitiligo | Loss of pigmentation of skin; White chalky patches; Leukodermia (caused by diabetes, thyroid condition) ex. michael jackson |
| Abnormal Conditions of the skin | -Burns -Cellulitis -Eczema -Gangrene -Impetigo -Psoriasis -Scabies -Scleroderma -Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) -Tinea -Callus -Keloid -Keratosis -Nevus -Verruca -Malignant melanoma -basal cell carcinoma -Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Burns | -caused by chemicals, radiation, heat, gases -degrees depend on lvl of penetration |
| 1st degree burn | Erythema (redness of skin) -effects epidermis -hyperesthesia/hyperalgesia |
| 2nd degree burn | "Partial thickness burn" epidermis & dermis -blisters 7-21 days |
| 3rd degree burns | "Full thickness burn" -All skin layers -anesthetic/analgesia/hypoesthesia -scared, poor textured |
| Eschar | dead skin that falls off after healthy skin forms |
| Rule of Nines | Body divided into areas of 9%, in which burns occur |
| Cellulitis | Acute bacterial infection of skin |
| Eczema | Inflammatory skin disorder, redness, palpullae |
| Gangrene | Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply; ischemia |
| Impetigo | Bacterial infection; fluid filled lesions to skin, filled w pus, crusts over, caused by staph/strep |
| Psoriasis | -Chronic cond. of skin, near joint areas -itchy, scaly, red patches, silvery scales -^growth of basal layer of epidermis |
| Scabies | Contagious, caused by parasite infection -found in children & sexual contact |
| Scleroderma | Chronic/progressive -disease of CT in skin; shrinking/hardening of tissue & skin -binds body down, skin pulls on organs |
| SLE | Systemic Lupus Erthematosis -Chronic inflammatory disease -affects collagen in skin, joints, organs -butterfly shape lesion on face -common in females |
| Tinea Capitus | Ringworm of head or scalp |
| Tinea Cruris | Fungal infection of groin |
| Tinea Pedis | "Athelete's Foot" =Fungal Infection of foot |
| Callus | ^ scale/skin due to pressure/friction |
| Keloid | Hypertrophed area due to trauma or surgical incision (excessive collagen formation) |
| Keratosis | Cond. w. benign thick lesion/area of skin due to excessive exposure to sun |
| Nevus | Mole |
| Verruca | Warts |
| Malignant Melanoma | Follow's ABCD's -due to sun exposure -Cancerous growth of melanocyte -metastasis to lymph nodes, liver, lung, brain |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Affects deepest layer of skin (non-metastasizing) |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Affects squamous cells (metastasis to lymph nodes) |
| Cryosurgery | Freezing to do surgery |
| Skin Biopsy | Taking skin tissue to be tested |
| Punch Biopsy | Taking skin sample from middle of lesion, take core to lab |
| Patch Test | Take arm, warp in gauze with allergens, see if it affects |
| Scratch Test | Take arm, take needle, scratch skin w allergen, see if it affects |
| Intradermal Test | Take arm, put allergen under skin |
| Emollient | Skin softener |
| Antipruritic | Anti-itching |
| Antiseptic | applied to living tissue to clean |
| Keratolytics | Breaking down keratin layer |
| Skin patch | transdermal system of medication delivery |
Created by:
GThatvi1
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