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1110 2
Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When filtration is increased, what must happen to the technical factors to maintain the same density | They must be increased |
| The half-value layer is typically expressed in | |
| What is the most common filter material used | tungsten |
| Patient’s absorb x-ray photons | primary |
| Problems of unequal subject density can be solved by using | filters |
| The thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over | cathode |
| Define total filtration | Inherent plus added |
| Collimation devices are considered part of the filtration | added |
| Most of the inherent filtration of a typical x-ray equipment comes from the | tube |
| How does filtration affect patient dose | decreases |
| By inserting absorbing materials into the primary beam (filtration),undesirable is eliminated | Low energy |
| Can filtration remove a portion of the useful beam | yes |
| Filtration outside of the tube and housing is considered to be | added |
| Filtration is typically added between the and | tube and pt |
| Describe inherent filtration | Anything in the tube, makes up 1.5 |
| What is a compound filter | 2 or more materials added together. Highest atomic # closest to the tube and the lowest closest to the pt |
| Even when filtration is increased, the percentage of attenuated photons | |
| as photon energy ___ | Decreased |
| Half-value layer affects patient | dose |
| Define a half-value layer | Amount of filtration needed to reduce the beam ½ original value |
| Inherent filtration of a mammographic unit is than that of a regular diagnostic unit | Less |
| As the tube ages, the anode begins to pit and the glass envelope may gain a mild coating of vaporized metal. This causes a in inherent filtration | increased |
| What does filtration permit the radiographer to do to the photon emission spectrum | Remove low energy electrons and harden the beam |
| If the half-value layer of diagnostic radiographic equipment is too low, it may be corrected by | decrease filtration |
| When x-raying a thoracic spine, what compensating filter is most commonly used | wedge |
| filtration occurs as the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube | Inherent |
| Al/Eq filter thickness would result in the lowest entrance skin dose to a patient | 3.0 |
| How many half-value layers must be added to the primary beam to reduce its intensity to less than 20% of its original value | 3 |
| What is the predominant interaction through most of the diagnostic x-ray range in the human body | compton |
| interactions with matter results in a radiograph with a long scale of contrast | compton |
| What is an annihilation reaction | Negatron is absorbed by another atom. Positron is crazy and comes to rest with another – electron. When they combine they make 2 new protons in diff directions |
| What is radiation fog | Any unwanted density form compton |
| At what energy level do electrons posses the highest total energy | K-shell |
| Scatter is when | |
| During photoelectric absorption, the ejected electron is called | photoelectron |
| What is attenuation | Loss of energy as beam passes through matter |
| Compton scattering occurs when an incident x-ray photon interacts with a | |
| electron | Outer shell |
| Secondary radiation energies are highest when using during fluoroscopic examinations | No skirt |
| What is a photoelectron | Ejected inner shell electron |
| A scattered photon possesses as the incident photon during coherent scattering | |
| The photon that exits the atom after a Compton scattering is called | Recoil electron |
| During the process of attenuation, the x-ray photon may interact with | |
| What happens if a photon interacts with matter and scatters | |
| What shell electron is ejected during photoelectric absorption | k |
| Some x-ray photons may pass through matter and not with that matter | interact |
| What happens to the x-ray photons in the beam during the process of attenuation | Some are absorbed and the others are scattered |
| Elements with Z numbers have inner shell electrons more tightly bound to the nucleus | high |
| What is Photoelectric Absorption | X-ray photon interaction with an inner shell electron |
| What happens as the angle of deflection is increased from 0 to 180 degrees | |
| As the angle increases the speed of the deflected e increases | |
| has a significant impact on the x-ray image | scatter |
| Photoelectric interaction with matter results in a radiograph with scale | |
| of contrast | High scale (extremities) |
| During the photoelectric interaction, as an electron transfers from an outer shell to a vacant inner shell, energy is released in the form of | photoelectron |
| What is the electron dislodged during Compton scattering called | recoil |
| An interaction which occurs between very low energy x-ray photons and matter is called | coherent |
| During Compton scattering, the incident photon energy is divided between the | ejected and the scattered |
| As the electrons shells move further from the nucleus, total electro energies | |
| and binding energies | increase, decrease |
| During Compton scattering, the incident photon energy is divided between what | Ejected electron and the scatter photon |
| What happens during pair production | Energy from the x-ray photon is converted to matter in the form of 2 electrons |
| What is photon absorption | |
| Energy released during the filling of the inner shell during photoelectric interaction is known as | |
| During photoelectric interaction, the incident x-ray photon must be than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron | greater |
| What happens during coherent scattering | Photons get excited and released energy into another photon with the same wavelength and frequency. |
| What is backscatter | Photon goes back in the direction it came from |
| What is the negatively charged electron termed during pair production | negatron |
| What happens as kVp increases, the total number of photons transmitted without interaction does what | increase |
| A photoelectric interaction is more likely to occur when the x-ray photon energy is slightly than the binding energy of the electrons | greater |
| A photoelectric interaction is more likely to occur with an electron which is bound in its orbit | loosely |
| As kVp , the percentage of Compton interactions | increase, increase |
| Photodisintegration is relevant in diagnostic imaging ranges. | NA |
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