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Psychology ch.1-2
Introducing Psychology, Psychological Research & Methods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physiological | Having to do with an organism's physical needs |
| Cognitive | Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding |
| Psychology | Scientific, systematic study of behaviors and mental processes |
| Hypothesis | Assumption and/ or prediction about behavior or guess betweeen 2 variables that tested through scientific research |
| Scientific Method | General approach to gathering information and answering questions so errors and biases are minimized |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Setup of first psychology lab focused on structure of the mind |
| Phrenology | Practice of examination of bumps on person's skulls to determine intellect and character |
| Dualism | Concept that mind and body are seperate and distinct |
| Introspection | Individual observes and analyzes his or her own mental experience |
| William James | Father of psychology focused on functions and purposes of conscious mind and purposes of behaviors |
| Psychoanalyst | Psychologist who studies unconcious motives and conflicts determine human behavior |
| Sigmund Freud | A Psychoanalyst used technique called free association also dream analysis |
| Ivan Pavlov | Physiologist explored develop of behavior, did experiment of the tunning fork |
| Free Association | Freudian technique that examins the unconcious, patient instructed to say whatever comes to mind |
| Behaviorist | Psychologist who learned and modified one's behavior based on responses to events in enviornment |
| Humanist | Psychologist believes person has freedom in directing his/her future and achieving personal growth |
| Cognitivist | Psychologist studies process, store, retrieve and information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior |
| Psychobiologist | Psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes our bodies influence our behavior |
| Sociocultural Psychology | Studying influence of cultural and ethnic same, different on behavior, social functioning |
| Clinical Psychologist | Psychologist who diagnoses, treat people with emotional distrubances |
| Counseling Psychologist | Psychologist usually helps people deal with problems of living |
| Psychiatry | Branch of medecine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders |
| Developmental Psychologist | Psychologist studies emotional, cognitive, biological, personal and social changes that occur individual matures |
| Educational Psychologist | Psychologist concerned with helping students learn |
| Community Psychologist | Psychologist may work in a mental health or social welfare agency |
| Industrial / Organizational Psychologist | Psychologist use psychological concepts to make work place a more satisfying enviornment for employees and managers |
| Enviornmental Psychologist | Psychologist studies sensation perception, learning, motivation and emotion in carefully controlled labrotory conditions |
| Forensic Psychologist | Deals with diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, testimony regarding law/criminal behavior |
| Health Psychologist | Studies interaction between physical/ psychological health factors |
| Experimental Psychologist | Studies sensation, perception, learning motivation, emotional in carefully controlled laboratory conditions |
| Sample | Small groups of subjects out of total number avaliable of target population, that researcher studies |
| Naturalistic Observation | Research method which psychologist observe subject natural settings without manipulation or control on part of observer |
| Case Study | In depth research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more subjects |
| Survey | Research method, information obtained by asking individual a fixed set of questions about their attitudes or behavior |
| Longitudinal Study | Research method, data collected in over years then assessed and to see changes |
| Cross-Sectional Study | Data collected of participants of different ages (compare & find conclusions) |
| Correlation | Statistic that describes direction/strength of relationship between 2 sets of variables |
| Variable | in experiment, any factor that is measured or controlled and capable of change |
| Experimental Group | Group of participants to which an independent variable is applied |
| Control Group | In experiment group of participants is treated in same way as experimental group except that experimental treatment is not applied |
| Self-fulfilling Prophecy | Belief, prediction or expectation that operates to bring about its own fulfillment |
| Single-blind Experiment | Experiment which participants are unaware of which participants recieved treatment |
| Double-blinded Experiment | Experiment which neither the experimenter nor particapants know which participants recieve treatment |
| Stanley Milgram | Determine whether participants would admin. painful shocks to others merely because an authority had instructed to do so. |
| Placebo Effect | Change in participants illness/ behavior that results from a belief that treatment will have an effect rather than from the actual treatment |
Created by:
clo411
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