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physci5
midterm1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardiovascular diseases | heart and blood pressures/ strokes |
| glucose is derived from? and important to? | carbs; brain function |
| types of horomones: | testestorone, estrogen, thyroid, insulin, glucogen |
| VLDL is very high in.. | triglycerides |
| cholesterol | fatty foods |
| atherolscylosis | artery disease from clog of fatty material on inner walls |
| whole grain | bran, wheat, germ |
| glycogen is the storage form of | glucose and carbohydrates |
| Modifiability | Fixed and modified variables |
| modified variables of modifiability | skill, motivation, speed, strength, endurance |
| fixed variables of modifiability | body weight, composition, power, flexibility, biochemistry of muscle, agility |
| Overload | stress applied to body |
| Adaption | How body responds to stress |
| Specificity | the adaption that occurs is limited by the type of overload imposed |
| Periodization of training (P.O.T.) | training/ preparing changes over a period of time |
| Rate of Progression | everyone is different in their progression |
| Individual Principle | genetics |
| Motivation | goal setting |
| M O A S P. O. T. R I M | Modifiability Overload Adaption Specificity Periodization of training Rate of progression Individual principle Motivation |
| Three Parameters for exercise | 1. Frequency 2. Intensity 3. Duration |
| Aromatase | Steroid hormones that produce estrogen |
| Pulmonary veins carry.. | deoxygenated blood |
| if heart does not get enough oxygen it becomes.. | ischemic, heart cells die resulting in heart attack |
| some components of blood: | water, hormones, enzymes, signaling molecules, glucose, amino acids, fats |
| Two major functions of cardiovascular system: | 1. deliver oxygen and nutrients to body cells 2. remove end products of metabolism |
| heart phase- Systole | period wehre heart ejects blood -> higher BP |
| heart phase- Diastole | period when heart relaxes and fills w. blood -> lower BP |
| Three diseases of the heart: | 1. Valvular 2. Arrhythmias 3. Ischemia |
| Myocardial Infraction | when heart muscles die and turn into scar tissue |
| Ischemia can happen in the.. | heart, brain, and other arteries |
| Five stages of Atherosclerosis: | normal artery, fatty streak, fibrous cap, calcification, rupture of cap |
| Three functions of Cholesterol: | 1. Part of cell membrane structure, 2. precursor to the steroid horomones, 3. part of bile acids |
| lipoprotein | lipids + proteins, how cholesterol and fat is packaged |
| chylomicrons | fat in bloodstream after meal |
| VLDL | high in triglycerides |
| Recommeded blood cholesterol | >200 |
| Ketogenic diets are.. | free from carbs, increase production of ketones |
| anaerobic metabolism does not require.. | oxygen |
| Glycolysis | the process when glucose is converted into pyruvate |
| ATP= | energy |
| glycogen | storage form of carbohydrates |
| aerobic needs | oxygen |
| fat usually seen in males | android |
| Isometric muscle action | as muscle contracts, there is no change in joint angles |
| Isotonic muscle action | as muscle contracts, there is a change in joint angles (concentric-muscle shortening), (Eccentric-muscle lengthening) |
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | measures amt of CO2 exhales to amt of O2 consumed |
| Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) | the extra oxygen consumed following exercise as metabolic rate is returning to normal |
| VO2 max | maximal aerobic capacity |
| Cardiac output | the total amt of oxygenated blood delivered to the body/min |
| Lactate threshold | the highest exercise intenisity that can be performed w/out a significant accumulation of blood lactate |
| Resistance training; 1 RM= | repetetion maximum load |
| Three factors that determine fluid absorption rate: | temperature, volume, electrolytes |
| Stenosis | narrowing of the blood vessel |
| Hypertension | BP 140/90, increased resistance |
| vasoconstriction | high resistance |
| vasodilation | low resistance |
| Endothelial Dysfunction | endothelial cells become damaged, platelet aggregation and lipid oxidation |
| Diabetes | glucose transport, insulin resistant |
| 2 ways skeletal muscles take up glucose | insulin, exercise |
| Type 1 Diabetes characteristics: | insulin dependent (injections), genetic, cannot be reversed |
| Type 2 Diabetes characteristics: | non-insulin dependent, obesity, |
Created by:
jhall15
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