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final-review 5
cardio8 path
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Common etiologies contributing to CHF include | • arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, hypertension, valvular heart disease, myocarditis, unstable angina, renal failure, and severe anemia |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Left-sided heart failure is generally associated with | signs of pulmonary venous congestion; right-sided heart failure is associated with signs of systemic venous congestion |
| CHF Diminished cardiac output causes | • compensatory changes including an increase in blood volume, cardiac filling pressure, heart rate, and cardiac muscle mass |
| Cystic Fibrosis | • Causes the exocrine glands to overproduce thick mucus which causes subsequent obstruction |
| Cystic Fibrosis Autosomal recessive genetic disorder | • (both parents are carriers of the defective gene) located on the long arm of chromosome seven |
| • cystic fibrosis is A terminal disease however | the median age of death has increased to 35 years of age due to early detection and comprehensive management |
| Emphysema: | Results from a long history of chronic bronchitis, recurrent alveolar inflammation or from genetic predisposition of a congenital alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency |
| Clinical presentation of Emphysema may include | barrel chest appearance, increased subcostal angle, rounded shoulders secondary to tight pectorals, and rosy skin coloring |
| • Symptoms of emphysema worsen with the progression of the disease and include | a persistent cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing especially with expiration, and an increased respiration rate |
| Myocardial infarction occurs | when there is poor coronary artery perfusion, ischemia, and subsequent necrosis of the cardiac tissue usually due to thrombus, arterial blockage or atherosclerosis |
| Risk factors of Myocardial Infarction (MI) include | patient or family history of heart disease, smoking, physical inactivity, stress, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and obesity |
| Clinical presentation of Myocardial Infarction (MI) may include | deep pain or pressure in the substernal area with or without pain radiating to the jaw or into the left arm or the back |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease Characterized by | narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels causing a reduction in circulation usually secondary to atherosclerosis |
| Risk factors of Peripheral Vascular Disease include | phlebitis, injury or surgery, autoimmune disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, inactivity, hypertension, positive family history, increased age, and obesity |
| Patient education for Peripheral Vascular Disease is paramount | regarding the disease process, limb protection, foot and skin care, and risk factor reduction (smoking cessation, avoid cold exposure) |
| Restrictive Lung Disease Classification of disorders caused by a | pulmonary or extrapulmonary restriction that produces impairment in lung expansion and an abnormal reduction in pulmonary ventilation |
| Pulmonary restriction of the lungs | can be caused by tumor, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, scarring within the lungs, pleural effusion, chest wall stiffness, structural abnormality, and respiratory muscle weakness |
| Restrictive Lung Disease Pathogenesis includes | a decrease in lung and chest wall compliance, decrease in lung volumes, and an increase in the work of breathing |
Created by:
micah10
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