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AP Psych: S-3
Motivation and Emotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the Drive reduction theory state? | That our behavior is motivated by biological needs |
| What is a requirement for survival called? | a need |
| What is the impulse to act in a way that satisfies a need? | drive |
| What is Homeostasis? | the body's need for internal balance |
| What are primary drives? | biological needs |
| What are learned drives? | secondary drives |
| What can the drive reduction theory NOT explain? | all motivations |
| What does the Arousal theory state? | that people seek an optimum level of excitement or arousal |
| What law states that a medium level of arousal is best for performance? | Yerkes-Dodson law |
| What theory of motivation is used to explain addictive behaviors and also involves vision and colors? | opponent-process theory. |
| What are incentives? | stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning. some are linked to punishment, others to rewards. we are drawn to rewards |
| What are the five needs in Maslow's Hierarchy? | Physiological, Saftey, Belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization |
| What are the physiological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy? | hunger, thirst and sex |
| the need to feel safe, secure,and out of danger is associated with what need? | safety needs |
| What are belongingness and love needs? | the need to be accepted and belong |
| What are esteem needs? | to achieve and to gain approval and recognition |
| What stage do many people not reach in Maslow's hierarchy? | self-actualization |
| What are self-actualization needs? | the need to fulfill an individual's unique potential |
| What can a person not do according to Maslow's hierarchy? | A person cannot ascend to any level before first satisfying the preceding needs |
| What does the stomach do when we feel hunger? when we feel full? | contacts. expands |
| What causes animals to eat when stimulated? | lateral hypothalamus |
| what does the ventromedial hypothalamus do? | causes us to stop eating when stimulated |
| What theory states that the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight? | set-point theory |
| What does our hypothalamus do when we drop below our set point? | tells us to eat and lowers our metabolic rate? |
| What is the Garcia effect? | taste aversion |
| What can also affect food preferences? | culture and background |
| What are Bulimics and what do they do? | people obsessed with weight and food who binge on food in a short period of time and then purge to get rid of it. |
| What type of eating disorder leads to starving? | Anorexia |
| According to statistics, what gender makes up the majority of Bulimia and Anorexia? | women |
| What is obesity? | when a person is severely overweight and the excess weight threatens their health |
| What four sexual response stages are documented? | initial excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
| what occurs during the initial excitement stage? | genitals engorge with blood. respiration and heart rate increase |
| During what stage do genitals secrete fluids in preparation for intercourse? | Plateau phase |
| What occurs during orgasm? | genital contractions that may help conception, respiration, and heart rate increase further. ejaculation and euphoria |
| when does the refractory period occur? | resolution phase. |
| What is possible to occur despite the fact that the capacity to have sex is lost? | sexual desire |
| What do researchers believe may affect sexual orientation but have yet identified? | environmental factors |
| What difference might occur in homosexual brains from heterosexual? | specific brain structures might differ in size |
| What do twin studies indicate about sexual orientation? | that there is a genetic influence |
| what does achievement motivation examine? | our desires to master complex tasks and knowledge and to reach personal goals |
| What are extrinsic motivators? | rewards that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves |
| What type of motivators are effective for a short period of time? | extrinsic |
| What type of motivators are rewards such as enjoyment and satisfaction? | intrinsic motivators |
| What theory states there are two basic attitudes that affect how managers do their jobs? | Management theory |
| According to the Management theory, what does Theory X state? | that managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment |
| What theory states that managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive? | Theory Y of the Management Theory |
| When does Approach-approach conflict occur? | when a person must choose between two desirable outcomes |
| what type of conflict is when a person has to choose between two unattractive outcomes? | avoidance-avoidance conflict |
| What is approach-avoidance conflict? | when one event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features |
| What is Multiple approach-avoidance conflict? | when a person must choose between two or more things, each of which has both desirable and undesirable features |
| What theory states that we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress? | James-Lange theory |
| something happens-a physiological change occurs-then an emotion is produced. what is this? | James-Lange Theory |
| What does the Cannon-Bard theory state? | that something happens and a physiological change and emotion are produced at the same time |
| What theory states that something happens, we think about it and label it for importance, after which an emotion is produced? | the two-factor theory |
| What does research indicate about nonverbal expressions of emotion? | that the ways we express emotion nonverbally are universal and that they may be an innate part of our physiological makeup |
| what is stress? | certain life events and how we react to these changes in the environment |
| What is the SRRS? | the social readjustment rating scale that measures stress using life-change units |
| What syndrome described by Hans Seyle has three stages? | General Adaptation Syndrome |
| What stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome does the organism ready itself to meet the challenge through activation of the sympathetic nervous system? | Alarm reaction stage. |
| What is the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome? | body remains physiologically ready and hormones are released to maintain this state. |
| What occurs during the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? | parasympathetic nervous system returns our physiological state to normal |
Created by:
elizabethrice2012
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