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Cicarelli Chapter 15
Chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| treatment methods aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively. | therapy |
| involves a person talking to a psychological professional about the person’s problems | Psychotherapy |
| are examples of insight therapies | Psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies |
| Psychotherapy aimed at changing disordered behavior directly is called | action therapy. |
| Behavioral and cognitive therapies are examples of | action therapy |
| uses a medical procedure to bring about changes in behavior. | Biomedical therapy |
| Biomedical therapies include | psychosurgery, ECT, and psychotropic medications |
| process of replacing long-stay mental institutions with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with mental disorder or developmental disability | deinstitutionalization |
| focused on releasing a person’s hidden, repressed urges and concerns from the unconscious mind. | Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis |
| saying whatever comes to mind in order to reveal the unconscious | Free Associations |
| the actual content of one’s dream | manifest content |
| manifest, and latent content | Dream Interpretation |
| the symbolic or hidden meaning of dreams | latent content |
| pointing out client attempts to resist therapeutic breakthroughs | Resistance |
| clients tend to transfer their positive and negative feelings for other people onto the therapist | Transference |
| For client-centered therapy to be effective, the client must perceive the therapist as showing ___________. | unconditional positive regard |
| is more directive, helping clients to become aware of their feelings and take responsibility for their choices in life. | Gestalt therapy |
| are action therapies that do not look at thought processes but instead focus on changing the abnormal or disordered behavior itself through classical or operant conditioning. | Behavior therapies |
| the use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior. | Behavior modification or applied behavior analysis |
| teaching clients to relax in response to a fear-producing stimulus | systematic desensitization |
| By pairing the old conditioned stimulus (the fear object) with a new relaxation response that is incompatible with the emotions and physical arousal associated with fear, | Therapies Based on Classical Conditioning |
| pairing negative/aversive images with undesirable behaviors | aversion therapy |
| overwhelming the client with fear-producing stimuli | flooding |
| learning through the observation and imitation of others | Modeling |
| technique in which a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step-by-step, gradual process while the client is encouraged to imitate the model. | participant modeling |
| the strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or the removal of an unpleasant stimulus | Reinforcement |
| reinforcement for behavior is removed | Extinction |
| can be effective in treating specific problems such as bedwetting, drug addictions, and phobias and can help improve some of the more troubling behavioral symptoms associated with more severe disorders. | Behavior therapies |
| is oriented toward teaching the client how thinking may be distorted and helping clients to see how inaccurate some of their beliefs may be. | Beck’s Cognitive Therapy |
| distortion of thinking in which a person draws a conclusion that is not based on any evidence | arbitrary inference – |
| distortion of thinking in which a person focuses on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring all other relevant aspects. | selective thinking |
| distortion of thinking in which a person takes responsibility or blame for events that are unconnected to the person. | personalization |
| are action therapies that work at changing a person’s illogical or distorted thinking. | Cognitive-behavioral therapies |
| are to relieve the symptoms and solve the problems, to develop strategies for solving future problems, and to help change irrational, distorted thinking. | The three goals of cognitive-behavior therapies |
| is a very directive therapy in which the therapist challenges the client’s irrational beliefs, often arguing with clients and even assigning them homework. | Ellis and Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) |
| can be accomplished using many styles of psychotherapy, and may involve treating people who are all part of the same family, as in family counseling | Group therapy |
| Group therapy can also be accomplished without the aid of a | trained therapist |
| of low cost, exposure to other people with similar problems, social interaction with others, and social and emotional support from people with similar disorders or problems. | Advantages of Group Therapy |
| can include the need to share the therapist’s time with others in the group, the lack of a private setting in which to reveal concerns, the possibility that shy people will not be able to speak up within a group setting, and the inability of people with s | Disadvantages of Group Therapy |
| His early survey of client improvement seemed to suggest that clients would improve as time passed, with or without therapy. | Eysenck’s |
| Surveys reveal that from _______ of people who receive therapy improve | 75 to 90 percent |
| that exist when the backgrounds of client and therapist differ are language, cultural values, social class, and nonverbal communication. | The four barriers to effective psychotherapy |
| therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques. | Eclectic therapies |
| involves moving the eyes back and forth rapidly while concentrating on disturbing thoughts. | Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing, or EMDR |
| is therapy that is offered on the Internet. | Cybertherapy |
| may or may not be trained in psychotherapy. | Cybertherapists |
| offers the advantages of anonymity and therapy for people who cannot otherwise get to a therapist. | Cybertherapy |
| is used in treating bipolar disorder. | Lithium |
| is used to treat depression. | Prozac |
| is used to treat severe depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. | Electro-convulsive therapy, or ECT |
| involves the use of a muscle relaxant, a short-term anesthetic, and relatively mild muscular contractions. | ECT |
| is a form of psychosurgery | Prefrontal lobotomy |
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