Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm cardio
Cardiac drugs Scott
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that affect the CVS | Cardiac Glycosides Antihypertensive Anticoagulant |
| Cardiac Glycosides | effects the tuning of the heart help control the ventricular response to atrial fibbrillation |
| Anithypertensive Drugs | effect blood pressure |
| Anticoagulant Drugs | Blood thinning |
| Cardiac Glycosides Action on contractions | Increase force of myocardial contractions and then slows rates |
| Cardiac Glycoside Action on heart size | Decreases |
| Cardiac Glycoside action on cardiac output | Increases Cardiac Output |
| What are cardiac gylcosides used in treatment of? | Atrial fibrillation and congested heart failure |
| Name two types of cardiac glycosides | Digoxin (Lanoxin) Digotoxin (Crystogdigin) |
| Digoxin onset is ______? Digotoxin onset is _______? | Digoxin - slow onset, slow elimination Digotoxin - Rapid onset, short duration |
| Digitalizing Dose | Stronger initial dose |
| Maintenance Dose | Lowered does to stay on for life |
| Toxic effects of Cardiac Glycosides | HA, fatigue, seizures, dysrhythmia, colored vision, anorexia, nausea, vomitting and diarhea |
| Therpeutic window of cardiac glycosides | Narrow. very small amount that can be toxic from pt to pt |
| Nursing Implications for cardiac glycosides - when to notify physician | Pulse <60 or >120 check pulse rate before giving weight gain of more than 2lbs per day |
| Nursing Implications for cardiac glycosides | Antacids or milk products 2 hours before or after med Eat foods high in K+ Take at the same time everyday Anorexia is an early sign of toxicity Do not withdraw abrubtly |
| Antihypertensive Vasodilators | Nitroglycerin |
| Nitroglycerin Actions | treatment of prevention of Angina pain dilates collateral cardiac vessels redistribution of blood flow to ischemic ares in endocardium |
| Nitroblycerin methods of Administration | Sublingual Transdermal Patch Aerosol - under tongue |
| Prophylactic use of Nitroglycerin | Topical ointment or trans dermal patch. Tolerance may occur, so take off at night and back on in the morning Oral route |
| Acute use of Nitroglycerin | Sublingual, Aerosol, IV |
| Sublingual Nitroglycerin | Place under tongue, let dissolve, then swallow |
| Sublingual Nitroglycerin starts to take action when? | 1-3 minutes |
| Sublingual Nitroglycerin - How many patients have releif? | 90% |
| Sublingual Nitroglycerin Maximum dose | 3 in 15 minutes |
| Sublingual Nitroglycerin - what may occur with taking this medicine? | HA and hypertension slowly change positions |
| How long is a sublingual tab good for? How to store container? | 3 months Avoid heat, light and moisture |
| How to tell if sublingual nitro tab is still potent? | It will sting when placed under the tongue |
| Is a sublingual nitro tab safe to take before a stressful event? | Yes |
| Antihypertensive drugs | Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers, Beta Blockers |
| Becuase subgroups of Diuretics exist, what must be known about a particular diuretic? | The mechanism of action |
| What does a diuretic do? | Decreases plasma and extracellular fluid volume |
| Will the amount of urine produced by the kidney increase of decrease with a diuretic? | Increase because diuretic relieves excess sodium and water retention |
| Does a diuretic increase or decrease preload, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance? | Decrease, thus reducing the workload of the heart |
| Give an example of a diuretic | Lasix |
| Nursing Implications for pt's on diuretics | Daily weight to monitor water/sodium retention 2-3 Liters of fluid a day Take early in the morning High K+ diet (citrus fruit, dried fruit, banana, nuts) |
| When do you contact a doctor when a pt is on a diuretic? | Dizziness, muscle cramps or weakness presents |
| ACE inhibitor actions | Block the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II (a vasoconstrictor) Reduces the release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex Contributes to loss of sodium and water Reduces BP |
| What does ACE stand for? | Angiotensin-converting Enzyme |
| Give an example of an ACE inhibitor? | Lisinopril |
| How do the actions of an ACE inhibitor treat heart failure? | They prevent sodium and water reabsorbtion, which decrease blood volume and blood return to the heart. This decrease the preload and work required of the heart. |
| What does a Beta Blocker do? | Lowers B/P by blocking the effects of catecholamine's on the beta 1 receptors in the heart Reduces contractibility and CO Slows heart rate |
| How do Beta Blockers work? | They reduce or block the sns stimulation to the heart and the heart's conduction. |
| What are the results of taking a Beta Blocker? | reduced heart rate delayed AV node connection reduced myocardial contractility decreased myocardial automaticity |
| Give an example of a Beta Blocker | Carvedilol (Coreg) |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Decrease the force of smooth muscle contractions results in lower b/p and peripheral resistance |
| What may initially happen when taking an antihypertensive drug? | dizziness |
| What meds should an pt on antihypertensive drugs avoid? | OTC that cause vasoconstriction |
| Should you abruptly withdraw from an antihypertensive med? | NO |
| Avoid what kinds of food when on antihypertensive meds? | foods high in sodium |
| What electrolyte needs to be increased when on a hypertensive med? | K+ |
| What do anti-coagulants do? | inhibit the action or formation of clots |
| What are the actions of Heparin | Interferes with conversion of prothrombin to thrombin Prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin |
| How can Heparin be given? | Sub Q or IV |
| What is the half life of Heparin? | 1-2 hours |
| What should you not do when and after administering Heparin? | Do not aspirate or massage into abdomen |
| What two lab tests are needed to determine if therapeutic level of Heparin is reached? | Activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT) Activated clotting time (ACT) |
| What is the antidote to Heparin? | Protamine Sulfate |
| What is the action of Coumadin? | Interfere's with clotting by interfering with Vit K dependant clotting factors |
| Is Coumadin given orally or IV? | Orally |
| What is the half life and duration of Coumadin? | 0.5-3 days half life 2-5 days duration |
| What are the lab tests associated with Coumadin? | Protime (P.T.) International Normalized Ratio (INR) |
| What is the antidote for Coumadin? | Vitamin K |
| What are the nursing implications for pts on anti-coagulants? | monitor labs closely check labels of OTC drugs shave only with electric razor avoid rough sports any bleeding lasting longer than 10 minutes with pressure is a concern brush teeth with soft bristles avoid foodwith Vit K (fish, banana's, leafy vegs,t |
| Antiplatelet Agents actions | prevent platelet plugs from forming beneficial in defending body against MI or strok |
| Give an example of an antiplatelet agent? | ASA - aspirin |
| What are the actions of a thrombolytic drug? | anticoagulant that breaks down or lyse preformed clots in vessels streptokinase (an enzyme that can break down a formed clot) |
Created by:
lmmerecki
Popular Pharmacology sets