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Cummulaive Pathology
Everything covered in pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Health? | Mental, pyhsicl, emotional and spiritual well-being |
| What is pathology? | The scientific study of disease |
| 5 commons Disease in Canada? | Heart disease, cancer, lung disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes |
| What are the two pathologies that are consider chronic and have a large impact on Canadians? | Arthristis and Obesity |
| What are predisposing Risk Factors? | gentics, living environment, lifestyle, gender, age |
| Define Homeostasis? | the ability of the body to maintain an equilibrium, within its internal environment |
| Define Pathogenesis? | the development stages of a disease. |
| What are some mechanisims of disease? | genetic disease, infection, inflammation, neoplasms, immune disorders, pyhsica trauma, chemical |
| What is an infectious disease? | invade and destroy living tissue, caused by pathogenes, produces substance toxic to the body |
| Cardinal Signs of Infections are: | redness (erythema, swelling, heat, pain, fever, enlarged lymph glands |
| what are wide spread infection signs? | fever, headaches, weakness, delirium |
| Define begin tumours? | develop slowly, can arise from any tissue, do not pread to other tissues, do not grow back if amputated |
| Define malignant tumour? | have ability to spread and reproduce, can spread through the blood and lymph glands |
| what is an Abrasion ? | Outer layers of skin ad underlying tissue are scraped away ex. road rash, scrapes |
| What are PTA/OTA interventions for Abrasions? | aviod situations where they can further harm the injury, beware of bandaging, wear gloves |
| What is an Avulsion? | when a portion of the skin and underlying tissue is cut away ex. toe cut off |
| What are PTA/OTA interventons for avulsions? | don't get dressings wet, avoid affected area if new injury, wear gloves |
| What is a Thermal insult? | results in extreme heat or cold ex. heat strokes, burns |
| What is frostbite? | extremely cold tissue, usually face, ears, finger toes turn white, are numb and little pain is felt |
| What is hyperthermia? | a general cooling of the bdy if core temp drops below 95 degrees |
| What is Osteoarthrisits? | degenerative joint disese, most common arthritis and effects mainly cartilage |
| What is the Primary OA and what can it be caused by? | wear and tear that begins to break down articular crtilage and caused by autoimmune disease, inflammatory and bacterial |
| What is Secondary OA and what is the prevelance? | results in injury, repetitive stress, repeated gout, poor posture and prevelance increase with age, men 45, women after 45 |
| What are some symptoms of OA? | -insidious onset (slowly) -changes in synovial membrane -swelling/tenderness -muscle weakness |
| What are some treatments of OA? | -maintian ROM in joints -anti- inflammatories |
| What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? | -chronic inflammatory disease, effects the joints symmetrically, happens in both hips -destroys cartilage and bone, deforms joints |
| what is the etiology of etiology? | unknown, genetics virus, environmental factors |
| what is the prevelance of RA? | 1% of pop. more in women , higher in prevelance in urban areas |
| Cardinal Symptoms of RA? | inflammatory synovits, joint destruction, muscle atrophy, bone destruction |
| what are 3 types of deformities with RA? | 1. ulnar drift 2. boutonniere deformity 3. swan neck deformity |
| What is Osteoporosis? | condition in which there is wasting or deterioration of bone mass and density |
| what is type 1 of osteoporosis? | post-meopausal women - estrogen deficiency |
| what is type 2 of osteoporosis? | occurs in men and women and effects the vertebrae and weight bearing joints |
| What s etiology of Osteoporosis? | metabolic condition, imbalance b/w breakdown of old bone and formation of new |
| What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis? | loss of height, dropping ribs, commonly affects spine, wrist, hips |
| Burtits is defined as? | -inflammed, infected or traumatized -repetitive movements or prolonged and excessive pressure |
| What are the symptom of Burtitis? | tenderness, pain on movement, edema (swelling) |
| what is treatment of Burtisis? | rest, ice packs, anti-inflammatories and ROM |
| Where does Frozen Shoulder occur? | often in the NON DOMINANT shoulder |
| What are the three stages of froen shoulder? | 1. freezing 2. frozen 3. thawing out |
| Define strain? | a twist, pull or tear of muscle or tendon |
| Define sprain? | an acuteor partial tear of a ligament |
| What are the 5 types of fractures? | -closed or simple -open (can see bone) -transverse fracture -greenstick (bone bends) - burst facture |
| Who does bone plate fracture occur in? | happens in children, they will then stop growing |
| What are Herniated discs caused by? | the annulus fibrosis breaks open and nucleus pulposus escapes |
| Gerd happens when? and causes what? | Happens in stomach and duodenal back flow in to esophagus causes heart burn, belching and vomiting in mouth |
| What is the treatment of GERD? | elevate the head of the bed, light meals, proton pump inhibitors, surgery |
| What are the two types of Peptic Ulcers? | gastric and duodenal |
| Define Hiatus Hernia | upper part of the stomah protrudes up through the esophageal, the sphincter does not work therefore they would go up into esophagus |
| What would be some symptoms of Hiatus Hernia? | heartburn (wrose in recline), chest pain, difficulty swallowing |
| Define the two types of Hiatus Hernia | sliding hiatus hernia - happens when part of stomach protrudes into chest when swallowing Para-oseophageal hernia- happens when part of stomach passes into chest |
| Gastroenteritis can be determined by: | -inflammation of stomach and intestines -mucus,puss and blood in stool -diarrhea,cramps, vomiting, loss of appetite |
| Cirrhosis of the liver is known as... | chronic degeneration of the liver, normal liver cells that are replaced with scars |
| What are some determinants of Cirrhosis of the liver? | nausea, vomiting, red spidery marks on face and body. bleed and bruise easily, abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen |
| Hepatitis A is a ? | viral disease = mild liver infection |
| headache anorexia, fever, inflamed liver and dark urine are all symptoms of ? | Hepatitis A, B and C |
| Hepatitis A is highly contagious, true or false? | true |
| What disease can be transmitted through blood, semen vaginal secretions and saliva? | Hepatitis B |
| Does hepatitis C has a cure, true or false? | false, it is not curable |
| What is the disease that causes an inflammatory disorder of the GI tract and can cause chrinic diarrhea, cramps and abdominal pain? | Crohn's Disease |
| Type of pneumonia caused by bacteria that can spread through the air is? | Legionnaires Disease |
| Define Pneumonia | many different types, that is an infection or inflammation of the lungs, air sacs fill with fluid and puss |
| Define Asthma | increased reaction of the bronchioles to a variety of stimuli |
| What is another name for collapsed lung? | Atelectasis |
| What can cause collapsed lung? | obstruction in bronchole tree, post op complications, prolonged inactivity |
| If there is chronic inflammation of mucus membrane lining, increased mucus production and bacterial infections in the lungs what might this be classified as? | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Emphysema is an irreversible lung damage,weakening and breaking of air scas, true or false? | True |
| Name some modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disorders... | -smoking, physical inactivity, overweight, type 2 diabetes, increased alcohol use and shovelling |
| Name some non-modifiable risk factors... | age, sex, race, family history |
| What is Angina? | increased oxygen demands due to narrowing of conornary arteries |
| What are the cardinal signs of cardio disorder? | chest pains, trouble breathing, fast breathing, palpitations and fatigue |
| Very high blood pressure, increased wear and tear on artieral walls, major cause of heart failure are all classified under.. | hypertension |
| if damage is usually fatal, breathing, swallowing, digestive and eye movement are all affected what where would the brain injury have occured? | Brain Stem |
| If balance and coordination are affected and results are clumsiness and shaking where would the brain injury have occured? | cerebellum |
| If processing info becomes difficult and loss of right sided vision would be a result of what type of brain inury? | Occipital Lobe |
| Hearing, memory, language and emotional labiality would be from what type of brain injury? | Temproal Lobe |
| If sensory activities are difficult as well as language and memory problems where has brain injury occured? | Frontal Lobe |
| Transient Ischemic Attack is a medical name for a.. | little stroke |
| What happens during a little stroke? | -blood supply to brain is temp. interrupted - results in impaired neurological functioning |
| Acute : | short or small |
| ankyl/o : | stiffness |
| ortho/o : | correct |
| exacerbation : | mental state |
| osteo/o : | bone |
| my/o : | muscle |
| gloss/o : | tongue |
| hepat/o : | liver |
| remission : | period of abated disease |
| enter/o : | intestine |
| delusion : | false belief |
| -pepsia : | state of digestion |
| dyspnea : | difficult breathing |
| epistaxis : | nosebleed |
| cyanosis : | blue skin tone |
| asphyxia : | lack of oxygen |
| tinnitus : | ringing in ears |
| benign : | not life threatening, not malignant |
| SOB : | shortness of breath |
| paroxysmal : | reoccuring in paroxysm |
| RD : | respiratory distress |
| -capnia : | carbon dioxide content in blood |
| -uria : | substance in urine |
| arrythmia : | irregular rhythm of heartbeat |
| atrophy : | wasting away, deterioration |
| purulent : | containing, discharging puss(eww) |
| hypoxemia : | lack of oxygen in blood |
| scler/o : | hard |
| sept/o : | septum |
| -scope : | intrument for viewing or observing |
| CV : | Cardiovascular |
| DVT : | deep venous thrombosis |
| pneum/o : | air/gas |
| agnosia : | loss of sensory stimuli |
| -osmia : | smell |
| Hx : | medical history/record |
| apraxia : | loss of performance/skills |
| ascites : | accumulation of fluid in abdomen |
| R/O : | rule out |
| stasis : | slowing/stopping or sustained |
| idiopathic : | unknown cure |
| congentital : | exisiting at birth or before birth |
| pruritus : | itchy |
| diaphoresis : | perspiration |
| BP or B/P : | Blood pressure |
| erythema : | redness |
| -ectomy : | surgical removal |
| hyperplasia : | increase in number of cells in organs or tissues |
| dysphagia : | difficulty swallowing |
| What is the #1 symptoms of CVA? | headache, sudden numbness, weakness, confusion, trouble speaking and walking |
| If a stroke is cause by a blood clot that clocks a blood vessel or artery to the brain it is what type ? | Ischemic Stroke |
| What is a Hemorrage Stroke? | caused by a blood vessel in the brain that breaks and bleeds into the brain |
| If a blood clot blocks flow to a certain part of the brain what type of clot is it? | Thrombotic clot |
| A blood clot breaks off and travels to an area of the brain and obtructs blood flow what type of clot is it? | Embolic clot |
| What does ABI stand for and what is the #1 cause for it? | Aquired Brain Injury and car accidents |
| Describe and list the three traumatic brain injuries | acceleration- head struck by moving object deceleration- head strikesa stationary object coup-contracoup- car accidents, brain shaking in skull |
| what type of disease is Huntington's Disease? | hereditary, progressive degenerative disorder, results in brain atrophy and death |
| What are some signs of Huntington's Disease? | uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual abilities, emotional disturbances |
| what is the most common cause of neurological death each year in Canada? | ALS |
| What does ALS affect? | destroys motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle movements |
| What type of diease is HIV & AIDS? | a retro virus that is spread through bodily fluids that attack T cells |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosis is described as? | -chronic autoimmune disease, attacks connective tissue and causes inflammation of the joints, skin kidneys, lungs and brain |
| What are the three types of Lupus? | -SLE -Discoid Lupus Erythematosis -Drug induced lupus |
| -painful or swollen joints, sores in mouth and nose red rash across cheeks and nose are all signs of what disease? | Systemic Lupus Erythermatosis |
Created by:
lyirwin
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