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RCP113 Final
Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary organ used to metabolize medications? | Liver |
| Primary organ used to eliminate medications from the body? | Kidney |
| Where does an adrenergic medication work? | It works on nerve fibers that are stimulated by norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine-Nerves of the Sympathetic Branch of the CNS. |
| Where does a cholinergic medication work? | It works on nerve fibers that are stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh)-Nerves of the parasympathetic Branch of the CNS. |
| How does a Sympathomimetic medication work? | It enhances the adrenergic response of the sypathetic nerves. |
| How does a Parasympatholytic medication work? | It blocks the cholinergic response of the parasympathetic nerves. |
| What is an Orphan drug? | A drug that is developed for a rare disease that may not recover the cost of development. |
| What are the three phases of drug action? | Pharmaceutical-Dosage/Administration Pharmacokinetic-Absorption/Metabolism/Elimination Pharmacodynamic-Targets site/Effects |
| What are the advantages of the inhalation route of drug administration? | -Smaller doses -Fewer/less severe side effects -Rapid onset -Targeted to the respiratory sys. -Painless -Safer -Convenient |
| What is the Therapeutic Index? | The difference between therapeutic and toxic concentrations of a drug. |
| What is the difference between Affinity and Efficacy? | Affinity is attraction. Efficacy is the ability to produce a desired effect. |
| What is Tachyphylaxis? | Diminishing responsiveness to a drug after routine usage. |
| What is a Corticosteroid? | It is an anti-inflammatory drug which inhibits the activity and number of inflammitory cells. Commonly used for asthma, COPD and rhinitis. |
| What are the three categories of Nonsteroidal Anti-Asthma Agents? | 1)Mediator Agonists-Blocks histamine/prophylactic 2)Anti-Leukotrienes-Inhibits leukotrine formation/prophylatic 3)Monoclonal Antibodies-Decreases mediators in allergic response |
| What is a Xanthine? | Promotes bronchodilation by inhibiting the breakdown of Beta 2 agonists-allows the drug to work longer. Also increases ventilatory drive and expiratory flow rates-reduces air trapping. |
| What is the result of stimulating alpha receptor sites? | Vasoconstriction & Increased B/P |
| What is the result of stimulating Beta-1 receptor sites? | Increased HR & Increased force of cardiac contractions |
| What is the result of stimulating Beta-2 receptor sites? | Bronchodilation |
| What three physiological changes occur in the lungs as a result of histamine release? | Secretions Edema Bronchoconstriction |
| Name the three bronchodilators recommended for continuous nebulization? | Albuterol Levalbuterol (XopenX) Terbutaline |
| what is meant by parenteral administration? | Given intravenously (IV) |
| What are the possible adverse effects of sympathomimetic bronchodilators? | -Tremors -Palpitations -Tachycardia -Headache -Hypertension -Nervousness -Dizziness -Nausea -Vomiting Worsening V/Q Mismatch |
| What is the keyhole theory? | Bronchodilators begin with a catecholamine nucleus and as they progressed the amine side got longer making it look like a key. |
| What is the difference between "Cidal" & "Static" antimicrobial agents? | Cidal-Kills the pathogen Static-Inhibits growth/spread of pathogen |
| What are common adverse side effect of corticosteroids? | -Oral thrush (candida) -Hoarseness -Bronchoconstriction -Cough |
| Mucolytics should be accompanied by what companion drug? | Bronchodilator |
| What are common side effects of of mucolytics? | -Bronchospasm -Rhinorrhea -Airway obstruction |
| What are the clinical uses of Xanthines? | -COPD -Asthma -Neonatal apnea |
| What are some of the possible side effects for Xanthines? | -Tremors -Tachypnea -SVT -Hypotension -Diuresis |
| What are some of the possible complications of using diuretics? | -Vol depletion -Hypokalemia -Acid-base disorders -Hyperglycemia -Ototoxicity (hearing imparement) |
| Acetaminophen | Tn: Tylenol Cat: Non-narcotic Analgesic Ind: Anti-pyretic |
| Meperidine | Tn: Demerol Cat: Narcotic/Opioid Ind: Pain |
| Morphine | Tn: Cat: Narcotic/Opioid Ind: Pain Add: Vasodilator |
| Cefazoline | Tn: Ancef Cat: Antibiotic |
| Ceftriaxone | Tn: Rocefphin Cat: Antibiotic (broad) |
| Levofloxacin | Tn: Levaquin Cat: Antibiotic |
| Tobramycin | Tn: TOBI Cat: Antibiotic |
| Vancomycin | Tn: Cat: Antibiotic Add: Tx for MRSA |
| Amphotericin B | Tn: Fungizone Cat: Antifungal |
| Haloperidol | Tn: Haldol Cat: Antiphsycotic |
| Acyclovir | Tn: Zovirax Cat: Antiviral |
| Rifampin | Tn: Cat: Anti-tuberculin Add: Tx TB |
| Formoterol & Budesonide | Tn: Symbicort Cat: Bronchodilator & Corticosteroid |
| Salmeterol & Fluticasone | Tn: Advair Diskus Cat: Bronchodilator & Corticosteroid |
| Albuterol | Tn: Respolin (DPI) Aerolin (HHN) Proventil (MDI) Cat: Bronchodilator |
| Epinephrine | Tn: Bronkaid Cat: Bronchodilator/Cardiac Add: Status Asthmaticus Cardiac arrest |
| Levalbuterol | Tn: XopenX Cat: Bronchodilator Add: Less cardiac effects |
| Salmeterol | Tn: Serevent Cat: Bronchodilator |
| Albuterol & Ipatropium Bromide | Tn: Combivent (DPI) DuoNeb (SVN) Cat: Combo bronchodilator |
| Atropine | Tn: Cat: LABD/Cardiac Add: Dysrrhythmic Agent |
| Ipatropium Bromide | Tn: Atrovent Cat: LABD |
| Tiotropium Bromide | TN: Spiriva HandiHaler Cat: LABD |
| Belcomethasone | Tn: Vanceril QVAR HFA (DPI) Cat: Corticosteroid |
| Fluticasone | Tn: Flovent Rotadisk (DPI) Flovent (MDI) Cat: Corticosteroid |
| Methylprednisone | Tn: Solu-Medrol (IV) Cat: Corticosteroid |
| Chlorothaiazide | Tn: Diuril Cat: Thiazide Diuretic Add: For CHF/Hypertension |
| Furosemide | Tn: Lasix Cat: Loop Diuretic |
| Mannitol | Tn: Cat: Osmotic Diuretic Add: Used to reduce ICP |
| Amiodarone | Tn: Cat: Dysrrhymic Agent |
| Digitalis | Tn: Digoxin Cat Inatropic Agent |
| Acetylcysteine | Tn: Mycomyst Cat: Mucolytic Add: Also used for acetaminophen overdose |
| Atratracurium | Tn: Tracrium Cat: NMBA-Paralytic Ind: Mech Ventilation |
| Cisatracurium | Tn: Nimbex Cat: NMBA-Paralytic Ind: Mech Ventilation |
| Vecuronium | Tn: Norcuron Cat: NMBA-Paralytic Ind: Mech Ventilation |
| Succinylcholine Chloride | Tn: Anectine Cat: NMBA-Paralytic Ind: Intubation Add: Only Depolarizing agent avail |
| Cromolyn Sodium | Tn: Intal Cat: NSAID Ind: Prophylaxis Add: Mediator Antagonist |
| Montelukast Sodium | Tn: Singulair Cat: NSAID Ind: Prophlaxis Add: Leukotriene Mod. |
| Nedocromil Sodium | Tn: Tilade Cat: NSAID Ind: Prophylaxis Add: Mediator Antagonist |
| Naloxone | Tn: Narcan Cat: Respiratory Stimulant Ind: Drug Overdose |
| Diprivan | Tn: Propofol Cat: Sedative/Hypnotic |
| Ketamine | Tn: Ketanest Cat: Sedative/Hypnotic |
| Lorazepam | Tn: Ativan Cat: Sedative/Tranquilizer Add: Benzodiazepine |
| Midazolam | Tn: Versed Cat: Sedative/Tranquilizer Add: Benzodiazepine |
| Nitroglyercin | Tn: NTG Cat: Vasodilator |
| Nitroprusside | Tn: Nipride Cat: Vasodilator |
| Dopamine | Tn: Cat: Vasopressor |
| Norepinephrine | Tn: Levophed Cat: Vasopressor |
| Aminophyline | Tn: Cat: Xanthine (IV) Ind: COPD, Asthma, Neonatal Apnea |
| Theophyline | Tn: Cat: Xanthine Ind: COPD, Asthma, Neonatal Apnea |
| How do sympathomimetic drugs work? | They stimulate adenyl cyclase to convert ATP to cyclic AMP-Bronchodilation/inhibits histamine |
| How do parasympatholytic drugs work? | They block the guanyl cyclase which keeps GTP from becoming cyclic GMP-Bronchoconstriction/histamine release |
| Why can't catecholamines be given orally? | They breakdown by the enzyme COMT in the digestive tract. |
Created by:
JimStry
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