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E-stim Terminology
terms associated with Electrical Stimulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electrical current | movement of flow of charged particles through a conductor in response to applied electrical field measured in amperes (A) |
| charge | basic property of matter noted as Q measured in Coulombs (C) |
| polarity | property of having 2 oppositely charged conductors |
| voltage | electrical force capable of moving charged particles through a conductor between 2 regions measured in Volts (V) aka = Potential Difference |
| resistance | Property of a conductor that resists, or is in opposition to the flow of charged particles. Resistance (R) is measured in Ohms Ώ |
| Ohm's Law | V = I x R Voltage = Icurrent x Resistance |
| impedance | The total frequency-dependent opposition to current flow. Impedance (Z) is measured in Ohms. For biological systems, Z describes the ratio of V to I more accurately than R because it is a frequency-dependent measure that includes capacitance and R. |
| Direct Current | continuous unidirectional flow of charged particles (DC) |
| Alternating Current | Alternating Current (AC) is a continuous bi-directional flow of charged particles AC has equal ion flow in each direction resulting in no net charge accumulation Wave length is one cycle ↑ frequency = ↓ cycle duration |
| Pulsed Current | Discontinuous in a series of pulses which may be uni- or bidirectional [flow of charge is interrupted to create periods when no current flows] |
| monophasic pulsed current | A series of unidirectional pulses. A net charge results. |
| biphasic current | may be symmetrical or asymmetrical may be balanced or unbalanced |
| Interferential Current | Waveform is produced by interference of two medium frequency sinusoidal AC of slightly different frequencies. Uses 2 channels, 4 electrodes, placed so AC currents intersect and interfere. |
| intensity | aka = strength, power, or amplitude |