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Lymphatic-system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of 2 parts | 1 Vessels 2 tissues and organs |
| functions | transports fluid back to the blood, plays an important role in bodies resistance to disease |
| lymph | excess tissue fluid carried by the lymph vessels |
| properties of lymphatic vessels | one way system towards the heart no pump |
| materials transported | water white blood cells proteins |
| Harmful materials that can enter | bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, cell debris (cause infection) |
| capillaries enter into | collecting vessels |
| collecting duct into the | right lymphatic duct, or thoracic duct |
| Right lymphatic duct drains____ into the ____ | right arm, right side of head, thorax, then empties into the right subclavian vein |
| thoracic duct drains _____ into the _____ | rest of the body into the left subclavian |
| What moves the material? | Milking action but skeletal muscles pressure from breathing rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles and valves vessel walls |
| node | filters lymph contains defense cells |
| Macrophages | engulf and destroy foreign substances (phagocytosis) |
| Lymphocytes | provide response to antigens |
| lymphoid organs | spleen thymus tonsils peyer's patches |
| spleen | filters blood |
| thymus | produces hormones (thymosin, programs lymphocytes) |
| tonsils | trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials |
| peyers patches | capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine |
| Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic tissue (MALT) Where & function | in peyers patches, tonsils, protects respiratory & digestive tracts |
| Non specific defense | 1st action -general skin mucous membranes |
| specific defense | 2nd action -targets certain things specialized human cells, chemicals produces by body (sweat/oil) |
| Pathogen | harmful or disease causing microorganism |
| antigen | any substance that is recognized as foreign and activates the immune system |
| inflammatory response (four cardinal signs) | 2nd- Pain, redness, heat, swelling Result - immobility |
| Injured cells release ____ and____ | histamine and kinins- vasodilatation |
| Diapedesis | wbcs leave the blood vessel and enter the tissue |
| chemotaxis | chemical flare signaling wbcs |
| Inferon | 2nd-secreted proteins of virus infected cells bind and block healthy cells |
| systemic | spreads |
| humoral immunity | blood - antibody_mediated |
| Bcells | Fluids-produce antibodies |
| Tcells | tissues- target virus or cancer infected cells |
| B lymphocytes | mature in bone marrow 1 antigen specific |
| T lymphocytes | mature in thymus 1 antig |
| Active immunity | Natural-during infection Artificial-vaccine |
| passive immunity | Natural-mother to fetus Artificial-snake venom, rabies (counteract) |
| cytotoxic t cells | kill infected cells insert chemical perforin (flare) |
| helper t cells | recuit othe cells to fight the invaders, release lymphokines |
| t cell clones | suppressor- of t & b cells (stop immune responce) |
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