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IOS 11 Exam 3
Introduction to HIV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First Report of AIDS | 5 young homosexual men in Los Angeles- Rare Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in theses patients |
| in the US have HIV/AIDS | 1.4 million |
| Colorado have AIDS | 10,000 with HIV 84% are male and 82% live in Denver |
| 2. Cite the risk factors for HIV | Sexual Transmission- Higher with anal transmission (3%) than vaginal 0.1-0.2%, Parenteral- Needle and organ transplant -0.3%, Perinatal-26% transmission without medication or breast feeding |
| HIV-1 Characteristics | Majority thought caused by chimp Subtypes- M (A-K), O, N (accounts for global epidemic) |
| HIV-2 Characteristics | Minority of Strains that originate in West Africa (Sudi Mandogive monkey) only 80 cases linked in US |
| HIV Virus CHaracteristics | +)ss RNA, compliment DNA, reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, Genome is 5’ capped and 3’-polyadenylated, 3-gene groups are found in the genome of all retroviruses- GAG (capsid proteins), POL(code of integrase, reverse transcriptase) , ENV (gp120) |
| MOA of HIV | Once HIV enters the human body, the outer glycoprotein (gp120) expressed on the virus allows HIV to bind to CD4 (cluster designation 4) receptors, proteins present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, &brain |
| HIV bind via its | The gp120 subunit has high affinity for CD4 receptors and is responsible for the initial binding of the virus to the cell. |
| Once the HIV reaches inside the cell | The retrovirus is unenveloped (blood) and (+) ssRNA is converted by viral reverse transcriptase mRNA then to DNA. The DNA is then integrated into the host’s genome with an integrase enzyme (Unique to HIV). |
| 3 Steps of HIV-1 Entry | a. gp120 binds a CD4 receptor of surface of T-helper lymphocytes, b. Conformational change of gp120, c. gp41 now can bind CCR5/CXCR4 and the HIV viral fuses and enters the host cell. |
| Cellular Latency is | A small proportion of cells reverts to the resting memory state where the virus again becomes dormant. This minority of resting cells provide a reservoir of integrated virus that cannot be eliminated by chemotherapy. |
| 4. Identify how HIV is diagnosed | Diagnosis-Antibody produced in 14-22 days-a. ELISA + confirmatory Western Blot or b. Positive HIV nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) detection (Example: PCR or plasma HIV-RNA) |
| Viral Load | amount of replicating virus.CD4-Infected number of cells- |
| Opportunistic infection and CD4 count<400 | Herpes Zoster |
| Opportunistic infection and CD4 count<350 | MAC |
| Opportunistic infection and CD4 count<300 | Oral Candidasis |
| Opportunistic infection and CD4 count<200 | PCP, Esophageal candidacies, Mucocutaneous herpes |
| <200 cells/mm3 and symptoms indicates | AIDS |
| Clinical Course | Viral Transmission2-3 weeks, Acute Retroviral Syndrome 2-3 weeks, Recovery and seroconversion 2-4 weeks, Asymptomatic chronic infection 8 years, Symptomatic HIV infection 1.3 years, |
Created by:
liza001
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