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Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychological perspective that seeks to explain behavior through the activity of the brain and nervous system, physiology, genetics, and biochemistry. | Biological |
| Psychological perspective that seeks to understand the ways in which natural selection influence behavioral tendencies. (Adaptive behavior and ensuring the survival of a species) | Evolutionary |
| Perspective that deals with how our thoughts and perceptions store and interpret information. | Cognitive |
| Psychological perspective that seeks to understand how unconscious forces (unresolved conflict and memories) shape our behavior. | Psychodynamic (also called psychoanalytic) |
| Psychological perspective that seeks to understand how we use associations (things we learn) and contingencies (reward and punishment) to influence learning and OBSERVABLE behavior. | Behavioral |
| Psychological perspective that believes our behavior is driven by a need to grow and reach our full potential. | Humanistic |
| Psychological perspective that seeks to understand behavior in its cultural context. | Sociocultural |
| Psychological perspective that looks at the long-standing personality traits (personality) of an individual. | Trait Perspective |
| Psychological perspective that seeks to understand how we change through our lifespan. | Developmental |
| Philosopher who defended the idea of dualism (mind-body connection. One of the first to believe sensations and behaviors were based on activity in the nervous system. | Rene Descartes |
| He believed in the idea of "tabula rasa"-the idea that we are blank slates (born without knowledge) and that our behavior is learned from experience. | John Locke |
| He is credited as the founder of scientific psychology because in 1879 he set up the first psychological laboratory. | Wilhelm Wundt |
| Wundt's school of thought that focused on the structures of the mind and identification of the basic elements of consciousness (sensations, feelings, and images) using introspection | Structuralism |
| He is credited for bringing structuralism to the United States | Edward Titchener |
| She was the first woman to receive her Ph. D in psychology (she was a graduate student of Edward Titchener) | Margaret Floy Washburn |
| Heavily influenced by Darwin, this American psychologist was interested in the function or purpose of behavioral acts. | William James |
| He wrote the first psychololgy textbook, Principles of Psychology. | William James |
| She completed all of her doctoral work in psychology but was refused her Ph. D because she was a woman. | Mary Whiton Calkins (she would later become the first female president of the American Psychological Association |
| Psychologists who evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. The lady from the Hoarders video we watched in class was helped by one. | Clinical Psychologist |
| Psychologists who aim to improve productivity in the workplace | Industrial/Organizational Psychologist |
| Psychologist who studies development throughout the lifespan. | developmental psychologist |
| Type of psychologist that helps athletes refine their focus on comptetion goals, increase motivation, and deal with anxiety and fear of failure. | Sports psychologist |
| Most psychologists today do not follow any one particular approach. Instead, they use techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches. this is known as an ____ approach. | eclectic |
| He was the "father of psychoanalysis" | Sigmund Freud |
| Believed in the idea that the "sum is greater than the parts" (meaning a psychological event could only be understood as a whole, entire event | Gestalt psychology |
| Process used in the Stone Age to release evil spirits-it required that a hole be drilled in the possess person's skull | Trephination |
| A false science that studied the bumps on one's head to define their characteristics | Phrenology |
| Max Wertheimer Wolfgang Kohler | Prominent Gestalt Psychologists (this is all you need to know right now) |
| Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow | Prominent Humanistic Psychologists (this is all you need to know right now!) |
| What is the difference between Applied Psychology and Experimental Psychology? | Applied psychologists use the knowledge gained by experimental psychologists to address human problems. |
| The debate over whether our behavior is influenced by heredity or experience. | Nature vs. Nurture debate |
| Author of Origin of Species-his ideas were an influence on William James; survival of the fittest | Charles Darwin |
| The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in the workplace. | Industrial/Organizational Psychology |
| A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders | Clinical Psychology |
| Branch of psychology which examines human behavior and capabilities in order to find the best ways to design products, equipment and systems for maximum safe, effective use by humans. | Human Factors Psychology |
| Pioneer of Behaviorism | John Watson |
| First president of the American Psychological Association | G Stanley Hall |
| refers to research conducted, and conclusions reached, by means of observation and documentation. | Empirical Investigation/Evidence |
| is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's beliefs and disregarding all other information, leading to statistical errors | Confirmation Bias |
Created by:
Jeffers
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